Not likely in plane air handler. Droplets are possible vector but they won’t make it through any reasonable filter. With the current virus the Nigerian in the plane killed a couple people who sat next to him, touched his puke, etc. He didn’t kill more than that.
If each sick person infects only two other, and the disease takes 1 month to kill, the math says that in 33 weeks the Earth will be empty of humans (8.5 billion dead by then, more than the current population of the planet.)