http://www.eia.gov/oog/info/twip/twiparch/2014/140416/twipprint.html
April 16, 2014
For this analysis, EIA considered 42 U.S. and international oil and gas companies that have reported data on upstream expenditures since 2000. The companies range in size of production and include publicly traded as well as state-owned enterprises, including large producers such as ExxonMobil and Petrobras, and smaller ones such as Encana Corporation and Talisman Energy. The 42 companies made up approximately 39% of non-OPEC production in 2013, and had a combined market capitalization of more than $2.4 trillion.
Generally rising oil prices from 2000 through 2011 contributed to large increases in the companies’ cash flow from operations (Figure 2) and provided the funds needed to increase upstream expenditures. As crude oil prices increased, projects that had been uneconomic became feasible. Companies significantly expanded operations related to tight oil production in the United States and oil sands production in Canada. With many companies expanding oil and gas production activities at the same time, costs for equipment and personnel also increased, further pushing up expenditures. Costs for raw materials increased as most commodities experienced a general price rise from 2002 through 2008, although commodity prices have come down since 2012. After the 2008-09 economic downturn, property acquisition expenditures slowed first, as spending shifted to exploration, development, and production.
Although oil prices remained relatively flat in 2012 and 2013, rising costs contributed to a decline in cash flow from operations. Nonetheless, cash spent on investing activities, which tends to lag changes in cash flow, increased slightly in 2013 as companies increased debt to maintain investment, taking advantage of interest rates that have been low since 2009. Companies have increased debt every year since 2006, with long-term debt increasing 9% and 11% in 2012 and 2013, respectively.
