I don't know all of the history, but gender based distinction (favoring the father) was in place at least into the 1960's.
And, since Congress apparently has the power to define NBC, it can re-assert any criteria it finds advantageous.
Exactly. Given to them by the Constitution.
Article I, Section. 8. The Congress shall have Power ...To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization....To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers,