I coined the term "totalitarian anarchy" to refer to government in which those in power claim unlimited authority, but are not themselves bound the rule of law. Someone else suggested using "feudalism" instead; I'm not familiar enough with how things actually worked in feudal societies to know whether that's accurate or not.
Totalitarian anarchy would be a good description of what is going on now. Feudalism would be the goal down the road to the totalitarian anarchists. It would mean that there were no elections, and that the common people could only possess what the totalitarian anarchists allow them to possess.
In early feudalism, it was pretty close. Feudal society was just gangs of armed men holding strong points. Most realized they needed serfs to grow food for them and their horses, so they had to protect their property (serfs) that were bound to the land. They had almost no restraints on their actions.
During the late medeival period, the church had some influence, but not very much.