I don't understand these theoretical constructs. New York City elects its politicians. In police states, the citizenry has no say over its leaders, no ability to influence legislation short of violent revolution and no idea what the actual laws are, since most of them are a state secret, simply to avoid the kind of nickel-and-diming that citizens of a city like New York can get up to in trying to get around the spirit of the law.
Being asked for "your papers" is hardly different from stop and frisk.
New York City elects its politicians. In police states, the citizenry has no say over its leaders...
Wrong. Many police states have the consent of the majority. Hitler won overwhelmingly in a general plebiscite, and was quite popular with the majority of Germans, while the minority was being exterminated.
Democracy is not mutually exclusive from tyranny, and most certainly no protector of the minority rights.
You have a very basic misunderstanding of what rights are. The concept of natural rights, as enumerated in the Constitution, protect people from tyranny, which in its most common form is instituted and enforced by the majority.