As Richard Feynman told the Rogers Commission, but they did not want to hear it. They wanted a whitewash that exonerated NASA. So Feynman bypassed the commission with his clever public demonstration using a section of O-ring material compressed by a C clamp and immersed in ice-water. The world saw that the material had little resilience when cold.
Feynman found the Thiokol engineers' personal estimates of catastrophic failure was 1%-2% (not 33%), while NASA's official estimate-fantasy was 1 in 100,000.
This is discussed in detail in Feynman's book "What Do You Care What Other People Think?"
Let's take a comparison. At any given moment there are about 5000 flights in the air above the USA. A 1.5% catastrophic failure rate would mean that we have 10 or so fatal crashes an hour, hour after hour, day after day.
In other words 1.5% failure is a rate that no sane person should find close to tolerable. It's murder.