>>> "OK, so point out where they defined the difference." <<<
Perhaps this comment I found (below) on Leo Donofrio's Natural Born Citizen blog will help. It contains a case reference which may also shed some light on this, as well as a quote from former Chief Justice William Rehnquist:
>>> "Historians need to help here. Remember, Congress was given the authority to regulate naturalization. It was the time of the French Revolution. Napoleon would soon be Emperor of France. It was his Napoleonic Code that would make citizenship by “blood” or “descent” the law of all Europe (except Great Britain, although by 1860, Great Britain would begin to adopt “descent,” and did so fully by 1948)
In the U.S., Africans were slaves, persons held as property. Africans were American-born, but NOT citizens.
In 1866, the Civil Rights Act made new freemen “citizens,” not by “naturalization,” because they were not “foreigners,” but by appeal to the “natural-born” clause in Article II as the qualification to be President of the United States. It was the discussion of citizenship in United States v. Rhodes, 27 F. Cas. 785, at 790 (1866) that confirmed the logic of this decision: “If born subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, then a citizen.”
Justice Rehnquist (before he became Chief Justice) pointed out that there were 11 instances in the Constitution — “a document noted for its brevity” — that address the “citizen-alien” distinction.
Clearly, this matter was vitally important to the Framers, and to every Court and Congress since. It will be important in this case, too." <<<
Doesn't help at all, in fact it ignores the question. The important matter is how one defines the difference, if difference there be, between citizen at birth and natural born citizen. I understand the difference between a person born a citizen of the U.S. and someone naturalized as a citizen. I do not understand where the distinction between citizen at birth, the term used by U.S. law and Supreme Court decisions, and natural borth citizen is defined. The Constitution doesn't do it. What does?