The torpedoes we had early in the war were crap. Too many boats lost before the brass finally paid attention.
I think the SAME problems occurred when badly made torpedoes were DROPPED by torpedo planes. They “fish” tended to break in half when contacting the water. Those that didn’t break up either were duds or ran way too deep.
Torpedoes were very costly, and a lack of money prevented the “testing to destruction” that would have exposed the faulty design/construction.