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To: alfa6
Hartney considered Luke a pain in the rear that July but changed his mind soon after, as we shall see. Hartney wrote this story ten years later:

The first time I really took much of an interest in him was about three days after I had lost six of my officers and Don Hudson had shot down two biplane Rumplers carrying four men on Aug. 1, 1918. I had already been up to the lines to see if I could find any of my boys.... That first day I could not get any farther than Villers Cotterets, not far from our small advance airdrome, although farther north, and had to return by foot and freight train via Paris.

A couple of days later Luke came to my tent and said, 'Major, Lt. Clapp says it is all right for me to go up with you this morning if you can take me.' I shall never forget that journey. Frank, one enlisted man and I went along in my Packard. On this trip he talked freely, of his days on the plains back home, of incidents of his training, of his ambition to be an outstanding flier. He was extremely serious always.

Walking to the top of a hill we found the two German planes Hudson had brought down... The two pilots and their observers were still there, their faces black, the summer sun getting in its rapid work. One of them had on very light patent leather low shoes. This impressed Luke. 'Wonder where he was the night before,' he murmured. Rumor had it among the ground troops that one of the Germans was a girl, but this was not true.

Three hundred yards farther we came to the top of another knoll and looked down the other side, a smooth space of about a hundred acres. Never have my eyes rested on such a sight. May they never again behold one like it. The hill was literally covered with dead men, side by side, head to head, little or no space between, practically all of them American doughboys. They had died in droves charging German machine gun nests left behind to cover the retreat. Right in front of us were a German and an American who had actually pierced each other with their bayonets and neither bayonet had been withdrawn.



Frank stooped over and picked up some unmailed postal cards fallen from a pocket of one of the dead boys. The one on top was addressed to his mother out in Iowa.

‘Leave them there,' I said. 'That American padre over there is busy picking up such things to send back to the next of kin.'Carefully and reverently, Luke replaced the cards in the pocket of the dead Yankee.

'Boy!' he exclaimed. 'I'm glad I'm not in the infantry. They haven't a chance, have they, Major?'

Hiking back to the road, we got into our car and made our way farther along toward Fismes, on the Vesle, where somebody had told us the front line lay. We noticed some peculiar stares in the eyes of several small detachments of American troops marching on the road. Presently a young second lieutenant stopped us.

'Sir, do you realize you're beyond the front lines? The last car that went up there didn't come back. It was captured.'

Things were so quiet it seemed incredible...

...We found several, including two enemy and several British Camels. Most of them had bullet holes through the headrests. On one we actually found a rifle lying on the wing. The plane seemed intact and only a splotch of blue and a torn helmet indicated what had happened to the pilot.

‘These men were all diving away when they were hit, weren't they, Major?' asked Luke.

'Yes,' I replied. 'It's what I've told you and the other boys a dozen times. That's about the only time one gets hit.'

'By God, they'll never catch me that way,' said Frank.

.... We walked farther and saw other wrecks but none of them ours. Then we went back to the Packard and drove toward Fere-en-Tardenois. Luke asked permission to go over and take another look at the two crushed, interlocked German two-seaters. We got out and I strolled over to glimpse again that terrible slaughter field where so many men lay dead for economic and political reasons beyond their comprehension. It was getting dark. Except for the rumble of distant guns there was absolute silence. Silhouetted against the evening skyline on top of that hill was one moving figure. It was the steel-helmeted padreSlowly he would stoop over and pick up something and put it in his pocket. I did not disturb him.

Again in the car we were almost to Fere-en-Tardenois when something attracted our attention. It was a group of American soldiers watching something in the sky a little distance away. We got out and joined them. It was a single German plane. He had dropped from the sky like a bullet and poured some incendiary bullets right into one of our observation balloons. The sausage, full of hydrogen, was falling in flames. The occupants had bailed out in their parachutes. Even as we watched, the heine pilot dipped into a swift attack on a second balloon nearby. He caught it asit was being dragged down by its winch. It, too, went up in flames. The rattle of our machine guns were terrific but it meant nothing. The Boche Albatross went blithely hedge-hopping homeward. All was still again.

The sights and experiences of that day must have had a profound impact on Frank Luke. A less intrepid boy would certainly have lost any further desire to go into such gory and savage doings and would have found ways and means of getting himself sent to a safer part of the war zone. But with Luke it was different. All the way home he was silent. And I am positive that on that homeward trip he laid out his future course and made his plans to become our most spectacular flier and the world's greatest strafer of enemy balloons.



2 posted on 10/19/2005 8:11:07 PM PDT by alfa6 (Work....the curse of the drinking class.)
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To: alfa6
August 16th 1918

Major Hartney:

Several days later, Aug. 16, to be exact, I had my first real feel of Frank Luke's dependability in the air. Our advance airdrome at Coincy was ready for us, camouflaged gas trucks and everything, and we got orders to use that as the starting point for a protection patrol. We were having great trouble with the new Spads and the boys of the 27th and 147th had no confidence in them. A poorly housed reduction gear which would get out of line with the slightest nick in the propeller was constantly causing us mechanical difficulties. It would vibrate and soon the various pieces of plumbing would start to ease loose and the engine would begin to miss or quit completely.

At 5:05 p.m. I led a gang of 12 of our planes and three from the 94th out at 9000 feet to protect one of Ken Littauer's photographic Salmsons from the 88th squadron. We soared up in perfect formation. From Fere-en-Tardenois to Fismes, however, our boys began dropping out with engine trouble. Finally there was only one plane left besides mine. By now we were at 18,000 feet and had had several minor brushes with the enemy.

Salmsom with an escort


It was one of those grim, heat-hazy days when it was particularly difficult to spot enemy ships...as I pulled in (at Coincy) there were 13 of our ships sitting on the ground. When I had taxied to a stop a lot of the pilots came running over to tell me they thought I had been lost and to utter loud and violent blasphemies concerning the Spads and the French...I am told no man ever cursed as loud and as vehemently as I did...



I was still ranting...when a lone Spad came in with the pilot goosing his engine and causing a terrific racket.

'Here comes your boyfriend now,' said one man from the 27th. 'He said he was going to get his first Boche today or never come back. Let's see what the blowhard's got to say for himself. Bet he claims one.'

Some of the others beat me getting over to find out what had happened to Luke. One came running back to me.

'What did I tell you? He says he shot one off your tail.'

...Frank Luke was a lonesome and despised man from that day until he brought down his first balloon near Marieulles on the St. Mihiel front on Sept. 12. In the whole group he found only three men who believed in him - Joe Wehner and Ivan Roberts in the 27th and Norman Archibald in the 95th. A few days later, just as we shifted to St. Mihiel, Archibald, a green but gallant pilot, was captured by the Germans. Luke spent most of his spare time on the machine gun range perfecting his already excellent marksmanship.




According to Luke's biographer, James Norman Hall (Mutiny on the Bounty and many others with Charles Nordhoff, Falcons of France and others by himself as well as a combat fighter pilot in the 1st Aero Group), Hartney believed his renegade pilot was speaking the truth. br>
James Norman Hall:

I am firmly convinced the boy got the plane. His verbal account of the battle contained those little differences that give such a report the touch of verisimilitude. But the squadron didn't believe him, and that made Luke bitter.

As a result Luke regarded his brother officers contemptuously, taunted them with their own shortcomings, dared them to fight, and when they declined, avoided them.

All but one - Joe Wehner."


Hartney was transferred to higher command on August 21st. His replacement was Lieutenant Alfred Grant, a strict disciplinarian and a true martinet. On the first morning of being in command he made an all hands inspection, dress uniforms, tool counting, button counting, clothes stacked just so on shelter halves, every pair of shoes shined brightly, brass gleaming, chins shaven and hair freshly cut. And, of course, the inspection was held at the traditional time of 4:30 AM. He instituted roll calls at night and at arms drill for the enlisted men. This stuff really turned off Frank Luke.

On September 3rd the Eagle Squadron arrived at Rembercourt to support the American Battle of the St. Mihiel Salient. They would stay there until the Armistice.

Some 550,000 Americans and 110,000 French took part in the St. Mihiel offensive with 3,000 artillery pieces and 400 French tanks (some of which were manned by Americans). George S. Patton was there. Douglas MacArthur. Allied aircraft consisted of 297 pursuit planes (226 available), 259 observation planes (219 available) and 55 bombing planes (42 available) for a total of 627 (487 available). The French supplied 627 planes (430 available). In addition there were 15 American and six French observation balloons.



If all went as hoped, American forces would spearhead a drive into the center of a bulge in the German lines, rupturing the front and setting the stage for the final drive into the Fatherland - the planned Meuse-Argonne offensive, and then the famous Plan 1919 and the destruction of the German Army.


3 posted on 10/19/2005 8:21:28 PM PDT by alfa6 (Work....the curse of the drinking class.)
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