I read the NY Times report on Friday, March 8, and what they say is that the missile is hypersonic. I now no longer have the paper but hypersonic is supposed to be 20 times faster than supersonic, so that is why Putin claimed nothing could catch it, I guess.
Amir also seemed just a bit tongue-in-cheek when he was talking about this, possibly a bit mocking? The Times reported speculation that there was a bit of faking going on. A lot of it is campaigning for the election. Cum grano salis, in other words. The audience at the speech seemed bored to death.
March 9, not 8
See for yourself
Putin’s annual address to Federal Assembly
At the 1:15:00 mark Putin describes the state of their military (advanced missiles/weapons), and the crowd loves it...
You don't mock Yom YHVH
By the way, the translator at the speech called the missile hypersonic.