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One of the most amazing educational videos I have ever seen regarding time:

How The Earth Moves
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IJhgZBn-LHg

What it boils down to is that there is not an exactly even number of earth spins for every year, and there's no reason there should be. So some compensation is needed. The leap year system goes like this:

It's a leap year if the year is divisible by 4, unless it's also divisible by 100 in which case it's not, unless it's also divisible by 400 in which case it is.

This results in a year which is 365.2422 days long. Very close but not exact, although we shouldn't have to worry about it for several thousand years.

If I open a Terminal window on my Mac and ask for the calendar for 1752:

$ cal 1752
                             1752

      January               February               March
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
          1  2  3  4                     1   1  2  3  4  5  6  7
 5  6  7  8  9 10 11   2  3  4  5  6  7  8   8  9 10 11 12 13 14
12 13 14 15 16 17 18   9 10 11 12 13 14 15  15 16 17 18 19 20 21
19 20 21 22 23 24 25  16 17 18 19 20 21 22  22 23 24 25 26 27 28
26 27 28 29 30 31     23 24 25 26 27 28 29  29 30 31
                                            
       April                  May                   June
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
          1  2  3  4                  1  2      1  2  3  4  5  6
 5  6  7  8  9 10 11   3  4  5  6  7  8  9   7  8  9 10 11 12 13
12 13 14 15 16 17 18  10 11 12 13 14 15 16  14 15 16 17 18 19 20
19 20 21 22 23 24 25  17 18 19 20 21 22 23  21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 27 28 29 30        24 25 26 27 28 29 30  28 29 30
                      31                    
        July                 August              September
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
          1  2  3  4                     1         1  2 14 15 16
 5  6  7  8  9 10 11   2  3  4  5  6  7  8  17 18 19 20 21 22 23
12 13 14 15 16 17 18   9 10 11 12 13 14 15  24 25 26 27 28 29 30
19 20 21 22 23 24 25  16 17 18 19 20 21 22  
26 27 28 29 30 31     23 24 25 26 27 28 29  
                      30 31                 
      October               November              December
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa  Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
 1  2  3  4  5  6  7            1  2  3  4                  1  2
 8  9 10 11 12 13 14   5  6  7  8  9 10 11   3  4  5  6  7  8  9
15 16 17 18 19 20 21  12 13 14 15 16 17 18  10 11 12 13 14 15 16
22 23 24 25 26 27 28  19 20 21 22 23 24 25  17 18 19 20 21 22 23
29 30 31              26 27 28 29 30        24 25 26 27 28 29 30
                                            31

Pope Gregory's eleven-day correction shows up in September.

Good overview indeed!

Didja notice, around 17.00 on the timeline, he used the word CLOCKWISE? I did, and was waiting for him to define it. I didn’t find it.

You know that the world’s history has been dominated by those who lived in the Northern hemisphere. As Julius Ceasar and his bunch DOMINATED his day; thus HIS ‘julian’ calendar was in force; the Only True Church DOMINATED it’s day and the Gergorian calendar ruled (mostly).

So we have days and years set by fiat; where did the word CLOCKWISE come from?

Ya remember that shadow the fella in the video was talking about? Well, in the Northern hemisphere, this shadow moved a certain direction thruout the day. Trees leave shadows, fenceposts do, even buildings and mountains (but they are a bit too big to use. The movement of this shadow across the ground was known as ‘clockwise’ for it was the same movement found in a clock: known as a sundial.

Except (did you know this was coming? ;^) in the Southern hemisphere! The shadow of the sun moves BACKWARD down under!! And their seasons lag (or lead) the ones in the Northern hemisphere; too!

He told us about leap years and leap days; but did you know that there are leap SECONDS as well?

https://www.bing.com/search?q=leap+seconds&filters=ufn%3a%22leap+second%22+sid%3a%227ce500c8-c9f8-0bca-f275-f0d6ca8cc3b3%22&form=EDGEAR&qs=MB&cvid=5d94a5490a3247928f4b05139a95e2cb&pq=leap+seconds&cc=US&setlang=en-US

Just as adding weight to a pendulum makes it run slower; our Earth is ‘slowing’ as we add tons of space dust to the mass of the earth every day!

https://www.bing.com/search?q=weight+of+space+dust+every+day&form=EDGEAR&qs=PF&cvid=04a9634607094785ae746392e42f21f4&pq=weight+of+space+dust+every+day&cc=US&setlang=en-US

But, as you’ll note if you click this link, the Earth is NOT getting heavier; even though...