From: 1 Corinthians 15:1-8
Christ’s Resurrection and His Appearances
[3] For I delivered to you as of first importance what I also received, that Christ
died for our sins in accordance with the Scriptures, [4] that He was buried, that
He was raised on the third day in accordance with the Scriptures, [5] and that He
appeared to Cephas, then to the Twelve. [6] Then He appeared to more than five
hundred brethren at one time, most of whom are still alive, though some have fal-
len asleep. [7] Then He appeared to James, then to all the Apostles. [8] Last of
all, as to one untimely born, He also appeared to me.
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Commentary:
1-58. Some of the Corinthian Christians were objecting to the doctrine of the re-
surrection of the dead, because this was a belief with which the Greeks were un-
familiar, even those Greeks who held that the soul was immortal. Given the great
importance of this doctrine, St. Paul replies at length, pointing first to the histori-
cal fact of Christ’s resurrection (verses 1-11) and how it necessarily connects up
with the resurrection of the dead in general (verses 12-34). He then goes on to
discuss what form this resurrection will take (verses 35-58). This Epistle, which
began with an exposition on Jesus Christ crucified, the power and wisdom of
God (cf. 1:18-2:5), ends with a development of doctrine on the resurrection of
Christ and the consequent resurrection of the members of His Mystical Body.
To understand what St. Paul is saying it is useful to bear in mind that here he is
referring only to the glorious resurrection of the just. Elsewhere in Sacred Scrip-
ture it is clearly stated that all men will rise from the dead (cf., e.g., John 5:28-
29; Acts 24:15).
1-11. The resurrection of Jesus Christ is one of the essential doctrines of the Ca-
tholic faith, explicitly stated in the first creeds or symbols of the faith. It is in fact
the supreme argument in favor of the divinity of Jesus and His divine mission: our
Lord proclaimed it many times (cf., e.g., Matthew 16:21-28; 17:22-27; 20:17-19),
and by rising from the dead He provided the sign which He had promised those
who did not believe Him (cf. Matthew 12:38-40).
This point is so important that the primary role of the Apostles is to bear witness
to Christ’s resurrection (cf. Acts 1:22; 2:32; 3:15; etc.); the proclamation of the
resurrection of the Lord is the very core of apostolic catechesis (cf., e.g., the dis-
courses of St. Peter and St. Paul reported in the Acts of the Apostles).
3-8. On the verbs “deliver” and “receive” see the note on 1 Corinthians 11:23-26.
St. Paul reminds the Corinthians of certain basic points in his preaching — that
Jesus Christ died for our sins; “that He was buried, that He was raised on the
third day in accordance with the Scriptures” (a statement which has passed di-
rectly into the Creed) and was seen by many people.
It should be pointed out that the Greek verb translated as “appeared” refers to be-
ing seen by the eye. This is relevant to studying the nature of the appearances of
the risen Jesus: St. Paul is speaking of true, ocular sight; there seems to be no
way this can be identified with imagination or intellectual vision.
The appearances of the risen Christ are a direct proof of the historical fact of His
resurrection. This argument gains special force when one remembers that at the
time this Letter was written many people who had seen the risen Lord were still
alive (verse 6). Some of the appearances referred to by St. Paul are also men-
tioned in the Gospels and in Acts—that to Peter (cf. Luke 24:34), those to the
Apostles (cf., e.g., Luke 24:36-49; John 20:19-29), that to St. Paul himself (cf.
Acts 9:1-6); others—that to James and to the five hundred brethren—are men-
tioned only here.
The importance of this passage is enhanced by the fact that it is the earliest do-
cumentary record—earlier than the Gospels—of our Lord’s resurrection, which had
taken place scarcely twenty years earlier.
4. “Was buried”: in recounting the death of Christ, all four Evangelists expressly
mention that His body was buried (cf. Matthew 27:57-61 and paragraph). St.
Paul also confirms the fact in this Letter, written very soon after the time, there-
by confirming a tradition which had come down from the beginning (verse 3). The
fact that Christ’s body was buried eliminates any doubt about His death, and un-
derlines the miracle of the Resurrection: Jesus Christ rose by His own power, re-
joining His soul with His body, and leaving the tomb with the same human body
(not merely the appearance of a body) as died and was buried, although now
that body was glorified and had certain special properties (cf. note on 15:42-44).
The Resurrection, therefore is an objective, physical event, witnessed to by the
empty tomb (cf. Matthew 28:1ff and paragraph) and by Christ’s appearances.
“He was raised on the third day”: Jesus died and was buried on the evening of
Good Friday; His body lay in the tomb the entire Sabbath, and rose on Sunday.
It is correct to say that He rose on the third day after His death, even though it
was not a full seventy-two hours later.
“According to the Scriptures”: St. Paul may be referring to certain passages of
the Old Testament which — after the event — were seen to foreshadow the Re-
surrection — for example, the episode of Jonah (Chapters 1-2), which Jesus in
fact applied to Himself (cf. Matthew 12:39-40; cf. also Hosea 6:1-2 and Psalm
16:9-10).
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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.
From: John 14:6-14
Jesus Reveals the Father (Continuation)
[8] Philip said to Him, “Lord, show us the Father, and we shall be satisfied.” [9]
Jesus said to him, “Have I been with you so long, and yet you do not know Me,
Philip? He who has seen Me has seen the Father; how can you say, ‘Show us
the Father?’ [10] Do you not believe that I am in the Father and the Father in
Me? The words that I say to you I do not speak on My own authority; but the
Father who dwells in Me does His works. [11] Believe Me that I am in the Father
and the Father in Me; or else believe Me for the sake of the words themselves.
[12] “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who believes in Me will also do the works that
I do; and greater works than these will he do, because I go to the Father. [13]
Whatever you ask in my name I will do it, that the Father may be glorified in the
Son; [14] if you ask anything in my name, I will do it.”
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Commentary:
4-7. The Apostles did not really understand what Jesus was telling them: hence
Thomas’ question. The Lord explains that He is the way to the Father. “It was
necessary for Him to say ‘I am the Way’ to show them that they really knew
what they thought they were ignorant of, because they knew Him” (St. Augus-
tine, “In. Ioann. Evang.”, 66, 2).
Jesus is the way to the Father—through what He teaches, for by keeping to His
teaching we will reach Heaven; through faith, which He inspires, because He
came to this world so “that whoever believes in Him may have eternal life” (John
3:15); through His example, since no one can go to the Father without imitating
the Son; through His merits, which make it possible for us to enter our Heavenly
home; and above all He is the way because He reveals the Father, with whom
He is one because of His divine nature.
“Just as children by listening to their mothers, and prattling with them, learn to
speak their language, so we, by keeping close to the Savior in meditation, and
observing His words, His actions, and His affections, shall learn, with the help
of His grace, to speak, to act, and to will like Him.
“We must pause here...; we can reach God the Father by no other route...; the
Divinity could not be well contemplated by us in this world below if it were not
united to the sacred humanity of the Savior, whose life and death are the most
appropriate, sweet, delicious and profitable subjects which we can choose for
our ordinary meditations” (St. Francis de Sales, “Introduction to the Devout Life”,
Part II, Chapter 1, 2).
“I am the way”: He is the only path linking Heaven and Earth. “He is speaking
to all men, but in a special way He is thinking of people who, like you and me,
are determined to take our Christian vocation seriously: He wants God to be for-
ever in our thoughts, on our lips and in everything we do, including our most
ordinary and routine actions.
“Jesus is the way. Behind Him on this Earth of ours He has left the clear out-
lines of His footprints. They are indelible signs which neither the erosion of time
nor the treachery of the Evil One have been able to erase” (St. J. Escriva,
“Friends of God”, 127).
Jesus’ words do much more than provide an answer to Thomas’ question; He
tells us: “I am the Way, and the Truth, and the Life”. Being the Truth and the
Life is something proper to the Son of God become man, who St. John says in
the prologue of his Gospel is “full of grace and truth” (1:14). He is the Truth be-
cause by coming to this world He shows that God is faithful to His promises,
and because He teaches the truth about who God is and tells us that true wor-
ship must be “in spirit and truth” (John 4:23). He is Life because from all eterni-
ty He has divine life with His Father (cf. John 1:4), and because He makes us,
through grace, sharers in that divine life. This is why the Gospel says: “This is
eternal life, that they know Thee, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom
Thou has sent” (John 17:3).
By His reply Jesus is, “as it were, saying, By which route do you want to go? I
am the Way. To where do you want to go? I am the Truth. Where do you want
to remain? I am the Life. Every man can attain an understanding of the Truth and
the Life; but not all find the Way. The wise of this world realize that God is eter-
nal life and knowable truth; but the Word of God, who is Truth and Life joined to
the Father, has become the Way by taking a human nature. Make your way con-
templating His humility and you will reach God” (St. Augustine, “De Verbis Domi-
ni Sermones”, 54).
8-11. The Apostles still find our Lord’s words very mysterious, because they can-
not understand the oneness of the Father and the Son. Hence Philip’s persistence.
Then Jesus “upbraids the Apostle for not yet knowing Him, even though His works
are proper to God—walking on the water, controlling the wind, forgiving sins, raising
the dead. This is why He reproves him: for not recognizing His divine condition
through His human nature” (St. Augustine, “De Trinitate”, Book 7).
Obviously the sight of the Father which Jesus refers to in this passage is a vision
through faith, for no one has ever seen God as He is (cf. John 1:18; 6:46). All ma-
nifestations of God, or “theophanies”, have been through some medium; they are
only a reflection of God’s greatness. The highest expression which we have of
God our Father is in Christ Jesus, the Son of God sent among men. “He did this
by the total fact of His presence and self-manifestation—by words and works,
signs and miracles, but above all by His death and glorious resurrection from the
dead, and finally by sending the Spirit of truth. He revealed that God was with us,
to deliver us from the darkness of sin and death, and to raise us up to eternal life”
(Vatican II, “Dei Verbum”, 4).
12-14. Before leaving this world, the Lord promises His Apostles to make them
sharers in His power so that God’s salvation may be manifested through them.
These “works” are the miracles they will work in the name of Jesus Christ (cf.
Acts 3:1-10; 5:15-16; etc.), and especially the conversion of people to the Chris-
tian faith and their sanctification by preaching and the ministry of the sacraments.
They can be considered greater works than Jesus’ own insofar as, by the Apos-
tles’ ministry, the Gospel was not only preached in Palestine but was spread to
the ends of the earth; but this extraordinary power of apostolic preaching pro-
ceeds from Christ, who has ascended to the Father: after undergoing the humi-
liation of the cross Jesus has been glorified and from Heaven He manifests His
power by acting through His Apostles.
The Apostles’ power, therefore, derives from Christ glorified. Christ our Lord says
as much: “Whatever you ask in My name, I will do it”. “It is not that he who be-
lieves in Me will be greater than Me, but that only that I shall then do greater
works than now; greater, by him who believes in Me, than I now do by myself
without Him” (St. Augustine, “In Ioann. Evang.”, 72, 1).
Jesus Christ is our intercessor in Heaven; therefore, He promises us that every-
thing we ask for in His name, He will do. Asking in His name (cf. 15:7, 16; 16:
23-24) means appealing to the power of the risen Christ, believing that He is all-
powerful and merciful because He is true God; and it also means asking for
what is conducive to our salvation, for Jesus is our Savior. Thus, by “whatever
you ask” we must understand what is for the good of the asker. When our Lord
does not give what we ask for, the reason is that it would not make for our salva-
tion. In this way we can see that He is our Savior both when He refuses us what
we ask and when He grants it.
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Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.