I think it's both, really.
Jorge Bergoglio received his main education and priestly formation in 1960-1969 (ordained in Dec 1969) at precisely the time when Jesuit formation and theological teaching was more or less going to hell. His major was in the humanities: literature and psychology. Not bad in itself, but I think in his subsequent theological training, such as it was, was thoroughly imbued with humanism and Modernism.
This goes for many in his generation.
He seems not to have absorbed much from either before the Vatican II period, nor from his immediate predecessors John Paul II and Benedict XVI.
For instance, Bergoglio's "Amoris Laetitia," supposedly on marriage and family, got NOTHING JPII's truly Magisterial "Familiaris Consortio."
As for JPII's "Veritatis Splendor" ("The Splendor of the Truth"), which affirms the permanent and unchangeable nature of Moral Law and is one of the most comprehensive and philosophical teachings of moral theology in modern history --- Francis seems to be intentionally unraveling it with every word and action.
So no: I don't think Francis and his fave bishops and cardinals are grounded in the true and permanent Magisterium.
Know what their problem is? They don't know enough about Catholicism.
Well; in truth; who actually can??