RE: but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.
This is an interesting case because barring of atheists from holding public office is in the STATE constitution.
The problem is this — many of the state constitutions CAME FIRST before the US Constitution.
So, it becomes STATE CONSTITUTION vs The UNITED STATES Constitution.
In my view, then the previous clause would apply:
“This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.”