Replies

From: 1 John 4:7-10

God is Love. Brotherly Love, the Mark of Christians

[7] Beloved, let us love one another; for love is of God, and he who loves is born
of God and knows God. [8] He who does not love does not know God; for God
is love. [9] In this the love of God was made manifest among us, that God sent
his only Son into the world, so that we might live through him. [10] In this is love,
not that we loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the expiation
for our sins.

*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:

7-21. St John now expands on the second aspect of the divine commandment
(cf. 1 Jn 3:23) — brotherly love. The argument is along these lines: God is love
and it was he who loved us to begin with (vv. 7-10); brotherly love is the response
which God’s love calls for (vv. 11-16); when our love is perfect, we feel no fear (vv.
17-18); brotherly love is an expression of love of God (vv. 19-21).

This is not tiresome repetition of the ideas already discussed (2:7-11; 3:11-18):
contrary to the false teaching which is beginning to be spread, charity is the sure
mark, the way to recognize the genuine disciple. St Jerome hands down a tradi-
tion concerning the last years of St John’s life: when he was already a very old
man, he used always say the same thing to the faithful: “My children, love one
another!” On one occasion, he was asked why he insisted on this: “to which he
replied with these words worthy of John: ‘Because it is the Lord’s commandment,
and if you keep just this commandment, it will suffice”’ (”Comm. in Gal.”, Ill. 6,
10).

7. The divine attributes, God’s perfections, which he has to the highest degree,
are the cause of our virtues: for example, because God is holy, we have been
given a capacity to be holy. Similarly, because God is love, we can love. True
love, true charity, comes from God.

8. “God is love”: without being strictly speaking a definition (in 1:5 he says “God
is light”), this statement reveals to us one of the most consoling attributes of God:
“Even if nothing more were to be said in praise of love in all the pages of this epis-
tle”, St Augustine explains, “even if nothing more were to be said in all the pages
of Sacred Scripture, and all we heard from the mouth of the Holy Spirit were that
‘God is love’, there would be nothing else we would need to look for” (”In Epist.
Ioann. ad Parthos”, 7, 5).

God’s love for men was revealed in Creation and in the preternatural and super-
natural gifts he gave man prior to sin; after man’s sin, God’ s love is to be seen
above all, in forgiveness and redemption (as St John goes on to say: v. 9), for the
work of salvation is the product of God’s mercy: “It is precisely because sin ex-
ists in the world, which ‘God so loved...that he gave his only Son’ (Jn 3:16), that
God, who ‘is love’ (1 Jn 4:8), cannot reveal himself other than as mercy. This cor-
responds not only to the most profound truth of that love which God is, but also
to the whole interior truth of man and of the world which is man’s temporary
homeland” (John Paul II, “Dives In Misercordia”, 13).

9. God has revealed his love to men by sending his own Son; that is, it is not on-
ly Christ’s teachings which speak to us of God’s love, but, above all, his presence
among us: Christ himself is the fullness of revelation of God (cf. Jn 1:18; Heb 1:1)
and of his love for men. “The source of all grace is God’s love for us, and he has
revealed this not just in words but also in deeds. It was divine love which led the
second Person of the most holy Trinity, the Word, the son of God the Father, to
take on our flesh, our human condition, everything except sin. And the Word, the
Word of God, is the Word from which Love proceeds (cf. “Summa Theologiae”, I,
q. 43, a. 5, quoting St Augustine, “De Trinitate”, IX, 10).

“Love is revealed to us in the incarnation, the redemptive journey which Jesus
Christ made on our earth, culminating in the supreme sacrifice of the cross. And
on the cross it showed itself through a new sign: ‘One of the soldiers pierced his
side with a spear, and at once there came out blood and water’ (Jn 19:34). This
water and blood of Jesus speaks to us of a self-sacrifice brought to the last ex-
treme: ‘It is finished’ (Jn 19:30) — everything is achieved, for the sake of love” (St.
J. Escriva, “Christ Is Passing By”, 162).

“Among us”: it is difficult to convey in English everything the Greek contains.
The Greek expression means that the love of God was shown to those who wit-
nessed our Lord’s life (the Apostles) and to all other Christians, whose partici-
pate in this apostolic witness (cf. note on 1 Jn 1:1-3; this idea is repeated in vv.
14 and 16). But it also means “within us”, inside us, in our hearts, insofar as we
partake of God’s own life by means of sanctifying grace: every Christian is a wit-
ness to the fact that Christ has come so that men “may have life, and have it
abundantly” (Jn 10:10).

10. Given that love is an attribute of God (v. 8), men have a capacity to love inso-
far as they share in God’s qualities. So, the initiative always lies with God.

When explaining in what love consists, St John points to its highest form of ex-
pression: “he sent (his Son) to be the expiation of our sins” (cf. 2:2). Similar
turns of phrase occur throughout the letter: the Son of God manifested himself
“to destroy the works of the devil” (3:8); “he laid down his life for us” (3:16). All
these statements show that: 1) Christ’s death is a sacrifice in the strict sense
of the word, the most sublime act of recognition of God’s sovereignty; 2) it is an
atoning sacrifice, because it obtains God’s pardon for the sins of men; 3) it is
the supreme act of God’s love, so much so that St John actually says, “in this
is love.”

What is amazing, St Alphonsus teaches, “is that he could have saved us without
suffering or dying and yet he chose a life of toil and humiliation, and a bitter and
ignominious death, even death on a cross, something reserved for the very worst
offenders. And why was it that, when he could have redeemed us without suffe-
ring, he chose to embrace death on the Cross? To show us how much he loved
us” (”The Love of Jesus Christ”, chap. 1).

*********************************************************************************************
Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.

From: Mark 6:34-44

First Miracles of the Loaves

[34] As he (Jesus) landed he saw a great throng, and he had compassion on
them, because they were like sheep without a shepherd; and he began to teach
them many things. [35] And when it grew late, his disciples came to him and
said, “This is a lonely place, and the hour is now late; [36] send them away, to
go into the country and villages round about and buy themselves something to
eat.” [37] But he answered them, “You give them something to eat.” And they
said to him, “Shall we go and buy two hundred denarii worth of bread, and give
it to them to eat?” [38] And he said to them, “How many loaves have you? Go
and see.” And when they had found out, they said, “Five, and two fish.” [39]
Then he commanded them all to sit down by companies upon the green grass.
[40] So they sat down in groups, by hundreds and by fifties. [41] And taking the
five loaves and the two fish he looked up to heaven, and blessed, and broke the
loaves, and gave them to the disciples to set before the people; and he divided
the two fish among them all. [42] And they all ate and were satisfied. [43] And
they took up twelve baskets full of broken pieces and of the fish. [44] And those
who ate the loaves were five thousand men.

*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:

34. Our Lord had planned a period of rest, for himself and his disciples, from
the pressures of the apostolate (Mk 6:31-32). And he has to change his plans
because so many people come, eager to hear him speak. Not only is he not an-
noyed with them: he feels compassion on seeing their spiritual need. “My peo-
ple are destroyed for lack of knowledge” (Hos 4:6). They need instruction and
our Lord wants to meet this need by preaching to them. “Jesus is moved by hun-
ger and sorrow, but what moves him most is ignorance” (St. J. Escriva, “Christ
Is Passing By”, 109).

37. A denarius was what an artisan earned for a normal day’s work. The disci-
ples must, therefore, have thought it little less than impossible to fulfill the Mas-
ter’s command, because they would not have had this much money.

41. This miracle is a figure of the Holy Eucharist: Christ performed it shortly be-
fore promising that sacrament (cf. Jn 6:1ff), and the Fathers have always so in-
terpreted it. In this miracle Jesus shows his supernatural power and his love for
men — the same power and love as make it possible for Christ’s one and only
body to be present in the eucharistic species to nourish the faithful down the
centuries. In the words of the sequence composed by St Thomas Aquinas for
the Mass of Corpus Christi : “Sumit unus, sumunt mille, quantum isti, tantum
ille, nec sumptus consumitur” (Be one or be a thousand fed, they eat alike that
living bread which, still received, ne’er wastes away).

This gesture of our Lord-looking up to heaven — is recalled in the Roman canon
of the Mass : “Et elevatis oculis in caelum, ad Te Deum Patrem suum omnipo-
tentem”(and looking up to heaven, to you, his almighty Father). At this point in
the Mass we are preparing to be present at a miracle greater than that of the
multiplication of the loaves — the changing of bread into his own body, offered
as food for men.

42. Christ wanted the left-overs to be collected (cf. Jn 6:12) to teach us not to
waste things God gives us, and also to have them as a tangible proof of the
miracle.

The collecting of the left-overs is a way of showing us the value of little things
done out of love for God — orderliness, cleanliness, finishing things completely.
It also reminds the sensitive believer of the extreme care that must be taken of
the eucharistic species. Also, the generous scale of the miracle is an expres-
sion of the largesse of the messianic times. The Fathers recall that Moses dis-
tributed the manna for each to eat as much as he needed but some left part of
it for the next day and it bred worms (Ex 16:16-20). Elijah gave the widow just
enough to meet her needs (1 Kings 17:13-16). Jesus, on the other hand, gives
generously and abundantly.

Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.