Actually, the Bible says that our three parts are “heart, soul and mind.” Matthew 22:37
The heart was known at the time of Jesus as the ‘throne’ of the physical body. The mind or as we call it, our brain was considered the ‘throne’ of the thoughts, and the soul was the ‘throne’ of the spirit.
As far as what death is...that should be pretty simple, the END of life. The first death, as mentioned in the Bible, refers to the END of our physical life. The Second death refers to the END of those people’s soul or spiritual life.
Why people wish to read things into Scripture that isn’t there, I can only guess, but I have looked at the all of the Scriptures in the New Testament about death and Hell (Hell, btw, is a very deep subject, which I may go into later) and I see no Scriptural support for an eternal punishING.
The eternal punishMENT is eternally separated from God and that is accomplished by the unsaved being destroyed in the Lake of Fire.
The Lake of Fire is a terrible place where man’s freedom to choose to be separate from God drifts away in the justice of its consequences......again...there are three parts of humanity...Body, soul AND Spirit....Three 'distinct' parts of ourselves.
The Bible never addresses 'extinction' of humankind.....'ALL' are destined for eternity....’where’ and how they will spend that ( consiously) is fully centered on their response to Jesus Christ. .......whether they choose to believe that or not does not change the truth of that reality.
Body, Soul, Spirit.....
As human beings, we live eternally as a Spirit, we have a Soul, and we dwell in a Body.
I pray God your whole ...’spirit and soul and body’... be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ (1 Thessalonians 5:23).
For the word of God is quick, and powerful, and sharper than any two edged sword, piercing even to the dividing asunder of “soul and Spirit”, and of the joints and marrow (body), and is a discerner of the thoughts and intents of the HEART. (Hebrews 4:12).
The soul and spirit can be divided — and that it is ‘the Word of God’ that pierces our heart to bring the division of soul and spirit, something that only God can do.
“For You formed my inward parts; You wove me in my mother’s womb. I will give thanks to You, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made.”
As human beings, we live eternally as a spirit, we have a soul, and we dwell in a body.
I pray God “your whole spirit and soul and body” be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ (1 Thessalonians 5:23).
“My ‘soul’ doth magnify the Lord, And my ‘spirit’ hath rejoiced in God my Saviour” (Luke 1:46, 47).
She could not extol the Lord in her soul until she had recognized God in her spirit as her Saviour.
The initial triumph is in the spirit when Jesus Christ is acknowledged as personal.
David says: “He restoreth my soul” (Psalm 23:3).
... The Hebrew word translated “restoreth” is said to mean quite literally “turneth back.” ....At no time had David lost his salvation, but there were times when his affections and desires were turned from the Lord, as in the case of his sin with Bathsheba.
Having become one of the Divine Shepherd’s flock, he testified:
“The Lord turneth back ‘my soul’.
The Christian who is enjoying unbroken communion with his Lord will then be able to say, “Bless the Lord, O my soul, and all that is within me, bless His holy name” (Psalm 103:1).