From: 1 John 3:1-2
We are Children of God
*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:
1-24. This entire chapter shows how moved the Apostle is when he contemplates
the marvelous gift of divine filiation. The Holy Spirit, who is the author of all Sa-
cred Scripture, has desired John to pass on to us this unique revelation: we are
children of God (v. 1).
It is not easy to divide the chapter into sections, because the style is very cyclic
and colloquial and includes many repetitions and further thoughts which make for
great vividness and freshness. However, we can distinguish an opening proclama-
tion of the central message (vv. 1-2) and emphasis on two requirements of divine
filiation — rejection of sin in any shape or form (vv. 3-10), and brotherly love lived
to the full (vv. 11-24).
1. “We should be called children of God”: the original Hebrew expression, which
reads “we are called...”, is also used by our Lord in the Beatitudes (cf. Mt 5:9):
“to be called” means the same as “to be called by God”; and in the language of
the Bible, when God gives someone a name he is not simply conferring a title but
is causing the thing that the name indicates (cf., e.g., Gen 17:5), for the word of
God is efficacious, it does what it says it will do. Hence St John’s adding: “and
so we are”.
Therefore, it is not just a matter of a metaphorical title, or a legal fiction, or adop-
tion human-style: divine filiation is an essential feature of a Christian’s life, a mar-
velous fact whereby God gratuitously gives men a strictly supernatural dignity, an
intimacy with God whereby they are “domestici Dei”, “members of the household
of God” (Eph 2:19). This explains the tone of amazement and joy with which St
John passes on this revelation.
This sense of divine filiation is one of the central points in the spirituality of Opus
Dei. Its founder wrote: “We do not exist in order to pursue just any happiness.
We have been called to penetrate the intimacy of God’s own life, to know and
love God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit, and to love also — in
that same love of the one God in three divine Persons — the angels and all men.
“This is the great boldness of the Christian faith — to proclaim the value and dig-
nity of human nature and to affirm that we have been created to obtain the digni-
ty of children of God, through the grace that raises us up to a supernatural level.
An incredible boldness it would be, were it not founded on the promise of salva-
tion given us by God the Father, confirmed by the blood of Christ, and reaffirmed
and made possible by the constant action of the Holy Spirit” (”Christ Is Passing
By”, 133).
“The world does not know us, (because) it did not know him”: these words are
reminiscent of our Lord’s at the Last Supper: “the hour is coming when whoever
kills you will think he is offering service to God. And they will do this because
they have not known the Father, nor me” (Jn 16:2-3). Divine filiation brings with
it communion and a mysterious identification between Christ and the Christian.
2. The indescribable gift of divine filiation, which the world does not know (v. 1),
is not fully experienced by Christians, because the seeds of divine life which it
contains will only reach their full growth in eternal life, when we see him “as he
is”, “face to face” (1 Cor 13:12); “this is eternal life, that they know thee the only
true God, and Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent” (Jn 17:3). In that direct sight
of God as he is, and of all things in God, the life of grace and divine filiation
achieve their full growth. Man is not naturally able to see God face to face; he
needs to be enlightened by a special light, which is given the technical theologi-
cal name of “lumen gloriae”, light of glory. This does not allow him to “take in”
all God (no created thing could do that), but it does allow him to look at God di-
rectly.
Commenting on this verse, the “St Pius V Catechism” explains that “beatitude
consists of two things — that we shall behold God such as he is in his own na-
ture and substance; and that we ourselves shall become, as it were, gods. For
those who enjoy God while they retain their own nature, assume a certain admi-
rable and almost divine form, so as to seem gods rather than men” (I, 13, 7).
“When he appears”: two interpretations are possible, given that in Greek the verb
has no subject: “when (what we shall be) is revealed we shall be as he is”; or, as
the New Vulgate translates it, “when he (Christ) is revealed we will be like him
(Christ)”. The second interpretation is the more likely.
*********************************************************************************************
Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.
From: John 10:11-18
The Good Shepherd (Continuation)
*********************************************************************************************
Commentary:
11-15. “The good shepherd lays down his life for his sheep”: “Here”, says St.
John Chrysostom, “He is speaking of His passion, making it clear this would
take place for the salvation of the world and that He would go to it freely and
willingly” (”Hom. on St. John”, 59, 3). Our Lord spoke further about giving abun-
dant pasture; now He speaks about giving His very life: “He did what He said He
would do”, St. Gregory comments; “He gave His life for His sheep, and He gave
His body and blood in the Sacrament to nourish with His flesh the sheep He had
redeemed” (”In Evangelia Homilae”, 14, “ad loc.”). Hired men, on the other hand,
run away if there is any danger, leaving the flock at risk. “Who is the hireling?
He who sees the wolf coming and flees. The man who seeks his own glory, not
the glory of Christ; the man who does not dare reprove sinners. You are the hire-
ling; you have seen the wolf coming and have fled [...] because you held your
peace; and you held your peace, because you were afraid” (St. Augustine, “In
Ioann Evang.”, 46, 8).
“Let them remember that their priestly ministry [...] is—in a special way—’ordered’
to the great solicitude of the Good Shepherd, solicitude for the salvation of every
human being. And this we must all remember: that it is not lawful for any one of
us to deserve the name of ‘hireling’, that is to say, the name of one ‘to whom the
sheep do not belong’, one who, ‘since he is not the shepherd and the sheep do
not belong to him, abandons the sheep and runs away as soon as he sees the
wolf coming, and then the wolf attacks and scatters the sheep; this is because
he is only a hired man and has no concern for the sheep.’ The solicitude of every
good shepherd is that all people ‘may have life and have it to the full’, so that none
of them may be lost but should have eternal life. Let us endeavor to make this so-
licitude penetrate deeply into our souls; let us strive to live it. May it characterize
our personality, and be at the foundation of our priestly identity” (Bl. John Paul II,
“Letter to Priests”, 8 April 1979).
The Good Shepherd knows each of His sheep and calls it by name. This touching
simile seems to be an exhortation to future pastors of the Church, as St. Peter
will later on explain: “Tend the flock that is your charge, not for shameful gain but
eagerly, not as domineering over those in your charge but being examples to the
flock” (1 Peter 5:2).
“The holiness of Christ’s Spouse has always been shown — as it can be seen to-
day —by the abundance of good shepherds. But our Christian faith, which teaches
us to be simple, does not bid us to be simple-minded. There are hirelings who
keep silent, and there are hirelings who speak with words which are not those of
Christ. That is why, if the Lord allows us to be left in the dark even in little things,
if we feel that our faith is not firm, we should go to the good shepherd. He enters
by the door as of right. He gives his life for others and wants to be in word and be-
havior a soul in love. He may be a sinner too, but he trusts always in Christ’s for-
giveness and mercy” (St. J. Escriva, “Christ Is Passing By”, 34).
16. “One flock, one shepherd”: Christ’s mission extends to everyone even though
His own preaching is addressed, in the first instance, to the sheep of the house
of Israel, as He Himself revealed to the Canaanite woman (cf. Matthew 15:24),
and even though He sent the Apostles on their first mission (cf. Matthew 10:6) to
preach to the people of Israel. Now, however, foreseeing the fruits of His redemp-
tive death (verse 15), He reveals that these will be applied to “other sheep, that
are not of this fold”, that is, Israel, and, after the Resurrection, He does send the
Apostles to all nations (cf. Matthew 28:19), to preach the Gospel to all creation
(cf. Matthew 16:15), beginning in Jerusalem and extending to all Judea, Samaria
and the ends of the earth (cf. Acts 1:8). This fulfills the ancient promises about
the rule of the Messiah covering the whole world (cf. Psalm 2:7; Isaiah 2:2-6; 66:
17-19). The universal scope of salvation caused St. Paul to exclaim: “Remember
that at one time you...were...separated from Christ, alienated from the common-
wealth of Israel, and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and
without God in the world. But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off have
been brought near in the blood of Christ” (Ephesians 2:11-13; cf. Galatians 3:27-
28; Romans 3:22).
The unity of the Church is to be found under one visible head, for “it was to the
Apostolic College alone, of which Peter is the head, that we believe that our Lord
entrusted all the blessings of the New Covenant, in order to establish on earth the
one body of Christ into which all those should be fully incorporated who belong in
any way to the people of God” (Vatican II, “Unitatis Redintegratio”, 3). It is a Ca-
tholic’s constant yearning that everyone should come to the true Church, “God’s
one flock, which like a standard lifted high for the nations to see, ministers the
Gospel of peace to all mankind, as it makes it pilgrim way in hope towards its
goal,the fatherland above” (”ibid.”, 2).
17-18. Jesus shows that of His own free will He will give Himself up to death for
the sake of the flock (cf. John 6:51). Having been given supreme authority, Christ
is free to offer Himself as a sacrifice of expiation, and He voluntarily accepts His
Father’s commandment, in an act of perfect obedience. “We will never fully under-
stand Jesus’ freedom. It is immense, infinite, as is His love. But the priceless trea-
sure of His generous holocaust should move us to ask, ‘Why, Lord, have you gran-
ted me this privilege which I can use to follow in Your footsteps, but also to offend
You?’ Thus we come to appreciate that freedom is used properly when it is direc-
ted towards the good; and that it is misused when men are forgetful and turn a-
way from the Love of loves” (St. J. Escriva, “Friends of God”, 26).
*********************************************************************************************
Source: “The Navarre Bible: Text and Commentaries”. Biblical text from the
Revised Standard Version and New Vulgate. Commentaries by members of
the Faculty of Theology, University of Navarre, Spain.
Published by Four Courts Press, Kill Lane, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland, and
by Scepter Publishers in the United States.