And no amount of testing can prove how the image came to be present on the shroud. Scientists have NEVER been able to determine the nature of the process.
Quite remarkable when you think about it.
Was the Mandylion a folded version of the shroud, folded to expose the facial imprint area—or was the Mandylion the biblically referenced head piece folded and set aside in the empty tomb?
Both the Shroud and the Mandylion have the conspicuously similar image—as if laid one upon the other-—and which appears copied in so much religious art of the era.