Mark, you would be hard pressed to show me what the Church always believed. The Church, the doctrine, and even the New Testament evolved. There was no Catholic Church in 33 AD, as we know it, and that includes its beliefs, teachings and hierarchy. Remember, when we speak of the "Fathers" the pre-Nicene Fathers and the post-Nicene Fathers are not exactly a perfect match. The Church and its dogmatic core, as we know it, is a post-Nicene 4th century Church, not a first century creation.
To claim that there was a Catholic Church in 33 AD is no different than for the Protestants to claim that the KJV Bible dropped from the sky, bound and indexed.
Very good. What I had meant to say is that the Church from the beginning had used (as far as we can tell) the Greek Septuagint exclusively or almost exclusively, which goes along quite well with something that we do know - that the NT was written (except possibly for a first draft of Matthew) exclusively in Greek.
To claim that there was a Catholic Church in 33 AD is no different than for the Protestants to claim that the KJV Bible dropped from the sky, bound and indexed.
There was a very basic Church structure that Ignatius called Catholic in his letter to the Smyrneans ca. 100 A.D.