As far as I can tell, all EV batteries are made of many small cells, although the size of the cells has increased as the technology has been evolving, so there are fewer cells per battery pack now.
I used the word refurbished but I think what they’re mostly doing is actually recertifying them. That is, they’re pulling them maybe wrecked cars and putting them through a bunch of tests and if they’ve still got good capacity then they resell them. I don’t know if anyone is attempting to rehab bad batteries.
I am not actually completely against electric vehicles either, there are many here that I have conversed with who are satisfied with their performance, although most have a second automobile or truck. They use these for longer trips or towing a trailer something that even the pickup trucks do very poorly.
It is appalling to me that when one divides the government subsidies that have already been spent by the number of electric vehicles that have been produced it comes to over approximately $50,000 per vehicle for what in most cases are play things for the rich.
I once put together an electric bicycle from parts that I purchased from China and a bicycle that I purchased at a department store. The brushless hub motor was rated at 800 watts and the bicycle would go approximately 30mph on flat ground. The expensive Lithium based batteries gave poor range and went bad fairly quickly despite never being charged to more than 80% or discharged to less than 20%. Because the motor was more powerful, the bike easily outperformed commercial electric bikes that were available at the time.
My assumption is that they were either stored improperly or were assembled from poor quality components. After that I used lead based gel cells which were far heavier but gave much better service. After I became bored with the project I sold it and made enough money on it to pay for even the expensive Lithium based batteries.