good point
it might be the first two are not technically considered ‘wars’
The United States issued campaign medals for both, though I agree, the Vera Cruz expedition saw probably less combat than the last two months in Portland.
The U.S. never issued medals for Indo China or Cuba, but I think that years after the event, those in the invasion force in Cuba who became Americans were awarded the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, all on the Q.T. if memory serves.