From the Japanese standpoint the 4 Power, Washington Navy & 5 Power treaties looked like the west UK, & US were ganging up on Japan. They viewed the 5:5:3 capital ship ratio in the 5 Power treaty as ominous and insulting.
The agreements forced the US to scrap 15 old battleships and two new ones, along with 13 ships under construction. Britain had to scrape ships too—indeed, more warships were “lost at Washington” than at any battle in history. Anyway we wanted carriers and the rest is history.
Yes, the Treaties are what broke up the British-Japanese Mutual Admiration Society, when Britain threw Japan under the bus.
I think you’re overestimating how much we pushed for carriers, given how many of our carriers at the start of the war were post-treaty-system collapse.
In any case, the point is that US actions in the Pacific during the interwar period were not ‘pro-China’ as much as they were ‘f**k the Japanese.’ Which in turn led to them launching the attack on Pearl Harbor.