The MCAS system only uses one angle of attack sensor input, even though there are 2 on the plane.
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The Airbus A321 has three AOA sensors and they still had similar problems to the MCAS.
Yes. Fortunately the captain on QANTAS flight 72 was a former US Navy pilot who used a high speed landing technique when landing an A330 that was making unrequested nose dives. The high speed was in case the plane tried to dive close to the ground so there would be enough energy to get out and do a go around.
It's quite timely. The episosode of Air Disasters broadcast on Sunday was about QANTAS 72.