So, the "maldistribution" of taxes, in large measure reflects the maldistribution of income. The distortion of the lower numbers by government transfer of income is another symptom of the problem.
I had occasion to revisit my income tax returns from the mid 60s when I was making far less than 5K a year. I paid a decent amount of income tax. I believe the 15% rate started at an AGI of about $700. Albeit less percentage than now, the SS tax was also paid without any earned income tax credit which was just a dream of the far left.
And your chart does not reflect gov’t transfer payments.