Oregon did take take this to SCOTUS in 1935 and lost. (See the link in post #8 above).
Article 1, section 8, cl. 17 doesn't limit what property the federal government can own within a state; it limits the places where the federal government has exclusive, rather than concurrent, jurisdiction. The Malheur Refuge was established pursuant to Article IV, section 3, clause 2, which gives Congress the power to "make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United states."
Since Oregon is not a territory and its boot strapping to say they own so they can own it that argument does not fly against the plain language.
Its plain language argument and its not without its chance.