The President has to present his budget to Congress. It's due to them by the 1st Monday of February every year for the upcoming fiscal year (begins October 1, for the feds). This budget is for the future, not this year.
Beginning about 18-24 months prior to the fiscal year in question, all the federal agencies put their budget requests together, and they are sent to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). From there, these proposals are combined into a report that goes to the President. Then, based on national priorities and administrative policies, the President makes decisions on these proposals. This is called the President's Budget. This is then sent back to Congress for approval/denial. So, it's not the current budget that passed the House and Senate, and was signed by the President, it's a future budget proposal.
Was that a budget or a continuing resolution? I don't think a budget has been passed and signed since Obama took office.