None of those entities provide health care.
To paraphrase The Preacher, “A pill is for pain, and a bandage for a wound, but MONEY answereth all things.”
Healthcare gate-keeper insurer $kimmers actually Are first line Healthcare Providers.
They Provide enrollee patient medical phone assessment via insurer RNs,
approval of whether they should see a doctor or specialist, which one, when, where,
and most importantly they Provide doctor visit / procedure deterrence via finiancial pain factor, ie: unaffordable multi-thousand dollar out-of-pocket deductible / co-pay deters doctor visits.
After all the gate-keeper delay, hassle, and out-of-pocket expense, many HC insurance enrollees choose not to pursue seeing a doctor.
Healthcare insurers are finally reaping what they wrote and sowed.
Health Care Industry Spent $243 Million in 2013 Lobbying ObamaCare