It does - the launch phase, when the missiles are gathering speed, is when they are most vulnerable. This is why the Poles aren't thrilled about them, and exacted a pretty high price for allowing them to be based there - they protect us, but will draw saturation (nuclear) attacks if the balloon goes up.
Any missiles that the Russians launch at us which are not submarine based will be launched from central Russian, thousands of miles away from the interceptors. And they'll travel over the pole, in the opposite direction.