[Impala64ssa]

the communists and radicals fought for the right of the (white) workers to continue to exclude black competitors from the mines and factories.
That's been a dirty little secret in the US as well. I belonged to the Mailhandlers union, which, to make a very long story short has its roots in what was called The Alliance, a union of Black RR mail clerks and porters that formed around 1900. The reasons they organized was not only to protect themselves from Vanderbilts and other eeevil RR barons of the day, but because the White socialists at the forefront of the labor movement wanted nothing to do with Blacks. For a long time unions were practically "Whites only" clubs.

[Sherman Logan]

Not all unions.

The UMW was integrated from its beginning in 1890.

But I agree that most were.