ZHer comment:
A few more facts in the form of ignored SCOTUS rulings:
No State shall convert a liberty into a privilege, license it, and charge a fee therefore. -Murdock v. Pennsylvania-
If the State converts a right into a privilege, the citizen can ignore the license and fee and engage in the right with impunity. -Shuttleworth v. City of Birmingham Ala.-
The court is to protect against any encroachment of Constitutionally secured rights. -Boyd v. U.S.-
Where rights secured by the Constitution are involved, there can be no legislation which would abolish them. -Miranda v. Arizona-
An unconstitutional act is not a law; it confers no rights; it imposes no duties; affords no protection; it creates no office; it is in legal contemplation as though it had never been passed. -Norton v. Shelby County-
These rulings apply to each and every right set forth in the Constitution and Bill of Rights. All of them.
So that would mean every state is an open carry state. And no permits required.