What is it? Eleven months in Canada to meet residency requirement? And still file in U.S.?
If you want to research this look up IRS form 2555-EZ, the “Foreign Earned Income Exclusion. “ There are several ways to determine residency. Time/days worked in Canada - USA is only one element. The online manual is written in less than clear legalize - it is a government doc from the IRS. You must be physically present in a foreign country for 330 days, or a true resident. A partial year is prorated.
We have dual citizenship from living in Canada in the ‘80s and becoming Canadians, though my kids were also born in Canada. You cannot lose your US unless you renounce it. My kids are also dual as they were registered as US citizens at birth.
We sort of voted in 2008 and then voted with our feet in 2009. You live with the paper work if you live outside the States.
By the way, we are having an early winter in Alberta, it has been at or about freezing for almost a month with snow on the ground since mid October.
if a US citizen, you have to file each year; for the rest of your life....regardless of where you live
When I transferred temporarily (!) from Ford of Canada to Ford in the US, my income tax was calculated based upon the residency, regardless of origin of pay. My friends who transferred the opposite way also played under those rules. There is income tax reciprocity between Canada and the US because of the tax treaty. This is not the case with most countries, though. You need to investigate each pair of countries individually.
Residency is based upon certain requirements, usually involving length of temporary residence, marriage or other special consideration including refugee status.
Citizenship in Canada requires length of permanent residency without criminal record, deviancy, or drinking Coor's Light (proof of copious Molson consumption must be documented).