While it is true we don’t have a National ID card here in the UK, and have no obligation to show any ID in order to vote, we have to show our polling card, which is delivered to the house by the postal service three weeks prior to the election. A yellow card for local elections, a white card for national ones.
We can vote in one named polling station - named on the polling card - and that polling station only, and our card gets stamped when we receive our voting form to prevent a return visit.
All requests for an absentee/postal ballot have to be received by the local council 6 weeks before the election, so you do not get your polling card. Miss the deadline and you either show up or lose your vote.
It ain’t exactly photo ID, but in a designated polling station, with people who know you - the polling stations are based on neighborhood - it is a pretty good system for a people that flat out reject the idea of a National ID card.
A quick addendum:
You can get away without showing your polling card if you provide proof of address - normally a recent utility bill or bank statement. You then get crossed off the voter list as you vote, just as if you had presented your polling card.