There may be a third option, but I just can't think of it. What is it that teachers and professional educators could do with kids, besides tricking them, that would make it look like the kids had learned? I know most of my teachers used to do it with me when I was young, and my parents did it with me all the time. Even my professors must have done it - frequently - and I know it was not just hoodwinking.
Pollster, the third solution is to sleep with school books under the pillow. Psst. Pass it on. lol.