Overweening pride, is what this is.
However, they like to present this as:
"My culture? America? Phffrfth! What makes my culture so great??"
"White people? HA! Black people are better. I'm whitebread-- I ain't got Soul. At least I know it."
"Christian? Sure, I was raised Christian -- but aren't Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists just as good? Maybe better??"
They adopt false humility as a badge of honor. They take pride in their humility.
Their “self-hatred” is only a pose.
They very neatly get around it by separating themselves from the group they’re denigrating by the very fact of that denigration.
If I, as a white guy, run down white people, my doing so separates me from and raises me above “white people” as a group. So my white friends and I can continue to despise white people while thinking very highly indeed of ourselves.
And you’re quite right, our “disagreement” appears to be just semantics.