The state-of-the art in 1982 wasn't highly-modular software written to industry specs and built with easily available compilers. If they stole the source code they should have been able to locate any 'Easter eggs,' so this implies that the software stolen in this story would likely be in binary (already compiled) form in which case it's highly unlikely to have run 'as is' on the Soviet hardware.
Embedded control software (especially from the early 1980s) is highly specialized and customized to the specific hardware it is running on. If the software is expecting the valve control port is at address 0x00F7 then it darn well better be there in the hardware or the software isn't going to work.
Even we aren’t stupid enough to cause something that could kill a ton of people. I think the Russkies were just “inattentive to details” except when it came to vodka.