Posted on 05/19/2006 9:50:02 PM PDT by NormsRevenge
Those "never say die" robots on Mars-- NASA's Spirit and Opportunity--continue to chalk up science at their respective exploration sites.
Looming large for the Opportunity rover at Meridiani Planum is Victoria Crater--a grand bit of territory that's roughly half a mile (800 meters) in diameter. That's about six times wider than Endurance Crater, a feature that the rover previously surveyed for several months in 2004, gathering data on rock layers there that were affected by water of long, long ago.
"We are closing in ... we've got only about a kilometer to go now," said Steve Squyres, lead scientist at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York for the dual Mars exploration rovers.
"Feel free to work out your own guess at an estimated time of arrival based on our recent progress...but I'm not making any predictions! Mars has fooled us too many times before," Squyres told SPACE.com.
Lay of the land
Pushing across Meridiani Planum has not been easy for Opportunity. The landscape is one of rolling ripples of sand and splashes of outcrop rock.
"We're pushing as hard as we can with a very old rover," Squyres added. "We'll get there when and if we get there."
Once there, Squyres said that the plan is to approach that feature much as they did Endurance Crater.
"[We'll] start by taking images from several points along the rim to get the lay of the land...and then see if there's a place where we can enter the crater safely," Squyres said. "There's no guarantee that we'll be able to get in, of course, but we're not driving all this way just for the view."
Rim shots
Also anxiously awaiting Opportunity's hoped for wheeling up to Victoria Crater is William Farrand, a research scientist at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colorado. He is a member of the Mars Exploration Rover science team.
"The rover has been making good progress towards Victoria Crater. So--knock on wood--it should get there perhaps as early as late July," Farrand told SPACE.com. "We will be getting just amazing images when we get to the rim of Victoria Crater."
Farrand said the views at that feature are sure to be spectacular. But the real payoff, he added, is to check out the exposures of outcrop that the science team is expecting to see on the inner walls of Victoria Crater.
"Opportunity's mission has been all about reading the story contained within the layered rocks that lie just below the surface of Meridiani Planum," Farrand advised. "We got about 40 to 50 centimeters of outcrop at Eagle Crater [at the start of its roving] and then 7 meters at Endurance Crater."
However, at Victoria, it looks like there's a deeper story there.
Images taken from Mars orbit suggest there might be something like 65 feet (20 meters) of outcrop exposed within the walls of Victoria Crater, Farrand stated.
It is still not clear whether rover scientists will be able to get into the crater to do the type of detailed, on-the-spot analysis that they were able to do within the inner rim of Endurance Crater.
But Farrand said that by utilizing Opportunity's Panoramic Camera and Mini-Thermal Emission Spectrometer, researchers should be able to do some tremendous remote sensing at that locale.
Spirit: making it through winter
And on the other side of Mars within Gusev crater, sistership Spirit is devotedly engaged in gathering science data too. It's in need of a little dental work, however.
The robot's grinding teeth have worn away on its arm-mounted rock abrasion tool--but only after exposing interiors of five time more rock targets than its design goal of three rocks. The tool still has useful wire bristles for brushing targets.
"Spirit has been very busy lately, taking an enormous panorama that we call the McMurdo Pan," Squyres reported. The robot is doing lots of work with its robot arm--officially labeled, in mechanical jargon, as the Instrument Deployment Device, or IDD.
Spirit has been positioned in such a way that its solar panels can help the machine endure several months of Martian winter.
The power on Spirit is good, Squyres noted. Projections of the rover's overall health, he said, suggest the robot will make it through the martian winter and be able to keep doing science the whole time.
"One thing about staying in one place for a long time is that it enables lots of interesting science that just isn't possible when you're always moving. We're taking advantage of that now with Spirit," Squyres explained.
The "eyes" have it
Both Spirit and Opportunity are churning out travelogue-like photos of their respective treks over Mars. The eyes of the robots - their camera systems - are capturing a wide range of scenery along the way.
"All of the cameras continue to work remarkably well and are continuing to acquire beautiful images," said astronomer Jim Bell, the Panoramic camera (Pancam) payload element lead for the Mars exploration rovers at Cornell University. "They have proven to be extremely robust to the extreme conditions on the martian surface...large temperature swings, fine dust everywhere, large cosmic ray flux," he told SPACE.com.
Since the twin rovers independently landed on Mars in January 2004, Spirit's cameras have taken about 82,000 pictures. Opportunity has taken about 71,500 pictures - for a total down-linked image data volume of about 19 gigabytes. Of these, 54,400 and 49,500 are the high-resolution Pancam images, respectively, Bell said.
"At Meridiani, once we get to Victoria Crater in June or July we are obviously looking forward to remarkable views of the interior," Bell said, and to help identify possible routes to explore even deeper exposures of sedimentary outcrop rocks.
"At Gusev, we are hunkered down for the winter now, obtaining detailed chemical measurements on reachable rocks and soils and acquiring the gigantic 360? McMurdo panorama with little or no compression in all [camera] filters from our winter haven parking spot," Bell said.
Up there on Mars, Bell concluded, "the missions just keep rocking on!"
It's crazy these things are still going.
At first they said something like 90 days.
The egg-heads that designed and built these kicked-ass!
Stretched View Showing 'Victoria'
This pair of images from the panoramic camera on NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity served as initial confirmation that the two-year-old rover is within sight of "Victoria Crater," which it has been approaching for more than a year.
Engineers on the rover team were unsure whether Opportunity would make it as far as Victoria, but scientists hoped for the chance to study such a large crater with their roving geologist. Victoria Crater is 800 meters (nearly half a mile) in diameter, about six times wider than "Endurance Crater," where Opportunity spent several months in 2004 examining rock layers affected by ancient water.
When scientists using orbital data calculated that they should be able to detect Victoria's rim in rover images, they scrutinized frames taken in the direction of the crater by the panoramic camera. To positively characterize the subtle horizon profile of the crater and some of the features leading up to it, researchers created a vertically-stretched image (top) from a mosaic of regular frames from the panoramic camera (bottom), taken on Opportunity's 804th Martian day (April 29, 2006).
The streched image makes mild nearby dunes look like more threatening peaks, but that is only a result of the exaggerated vertical dimension. This vertical stretch technique was first applied to Viking Lander 2 panoramas by Philip Stooke, of the University of Western Ontario, Canada, to help locate the lander with respect to orbiter images. Vertically stretching the image allows features to be more readily identified by the Mars Exploration Rover science team.
The bright white dot near the horizon to the right of center, labeled "Outcrop Promontory," (barely visible without labeling or zoom-in) is thought to be a light-toned outcrop on the far wall of the crater, suggesting that the rover can see over the low rim of Victoria. The northeast and southeast rims are labeled in bright green. Finally, the light purple lines and arrow highlight a small crater.
Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/Cornell University
Waste of Money Update: It's still just rust.
Must be winter time on Mars.
Just last night I thought about these little guys and meant to Google to see if they were still alive.
Remarkable.
I go to the site every day. Looking forward to the next lander which is at the pole then in a couple of years another rover.
LOL!
Could be some rock layers near the rim, but otherwise it looks like it has very steep sides and there's no way in. It also looks like it's featureless sand all the way from just below the rim to the dunes at the bottom. But that could be due to poor resolution in the photo. Hope it makes it though. It'll be worth a closer view.
I'll be curious what kind of resolution the newly arrived MRO will provide..
hopefully Opportunity will be able to get some good shots of the outcrops
The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment camera consists of a 0.5 meter reflecting telescope, the largest of any deep space mission, and has a resolution of 1 microradian, or 0.3 meter at a height of 300 km. (For comparison purposes, satellite images of Earth are generally available to a resolution of 0.1 meter, and satellite images on Google Maps are available to 1 meter.[8]) It can image in three color bands, 400-600 nm (blue-green or B-G), 550-850 nm (red) and 800-1,000 nm (near infrared or NIR).Not too shabby! :-)
This is so ... astounding! Think of it, some folks are taking virtual trips on Mars, the planet Mars, not some studio set, the real MARS! It must be the pinnacle of a life's study and preparation. I applaud the scientists ... wow, just WOW!
The atmospheric pressure is so low there that water's boiling and freezing points are very close together. It would appear that what we have with Mars is a very dead planet.
These little guy's have become ho-hum, a side-story. Yet they are a great American feat.
It should be, since MRO partnered with the National Reconnaissance Office - the spy satellite guys. :-)
Ping
Thank you. I'm kind of proud of the fact that I designed some of the hardware and wrote some of the software for the inertial measurement units used in the Rovers.
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