Replies

Notes

¹“’Different Forever’: John Kerry Says Killing in War Permanently Changes Soldiers”, ABCNEWS.comhttp://abcnews.go.com/sections/Politics/Vote2004/kerry_vietnam_DNC_040729-1.html, July 29, 2004 (August 27, 2004).

²Douglas Brinkley, Tour of Duty: John Kerry and the Vietnam War, New York: William Morrow, 2004, 61-62; Jacob Leibenluft, “Kerry ’66: ‘He was going to be president’: In JFK’s shadow, a headstrong Kerry makes his run for the White House”, YaleDailyNews.com, http://www.yaledailynews.com/article.asp?AID=21803, February 14, 2003 (June 18, 2004); Gerald Nicosia, Home to War: A History of the Vietnam Veterans’ Movement, New York: Crown Publishers, 2001, 70.

³Samuel Z. Goldhaber, “John Kerry: A Navy Dove Runs for Congress”, The Harvard Crimson, February 18, 1970, reprinted at The Harvard Crimson Online, http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=352185 (June 18, 2004); Brinkley, Tour of Duty,370-373; Charles Laurence, “Revealed: how ‘war hero Kerry tried to put off Vietnam military duty”, telegraph.co.uk, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/03/07/wkerr07.xml&sSheet=/news/2004/03/07/ixnewstop.html, June 18, 2004 (June 18, 2004).

⁴Michael Kranish with Alex Beam, “Kerry War Letters Show His Conflicts”, The Boston Globe, July 25, 2004, A1, online at http://www.boston.com/news/politics/president/kerry/articles/2004/07/25/kerry_war_letters_show_his_conflicts/ (September 21, 2004); ”Bay Area Widow Takes Up the Kerry Cause”, abc7news.com, http://www.abclocal.go.com/kgo/news/politics/072804_politics_kerry_vet.html, July 28, 2004 (August 16, 2004).

⁵Jeremy Brecher, “The Vietnam Moratorium”, Liberation Magazine, December 1969, reprinted online at , http://www.hippy.com/php/article-118.html (September 15, 2004); Nicosia, Home to War, 49; Brinkley, Tour of Duty,337; Ed Gold, ”Kerry’s big sister lending a hand in her own way”, The Villager, http://www.thevillager.com/villager_42/kerrysbigsister.html, Volume 73, Number 42, February 18-24, 2004 (June 18, 2004);Lucy Komisar, “Kerry Family Values: Peggy Kerry, John Kerry's sister, talks about her experience as a social activist and her deep shared value system with her family.”, AlterNet, September 13, 2004 (September 15, 2004).

⁶Cf. “Thrice Wounded”, March 1969, JohnKerry.com, http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/jkmilservice/Thrice_Wounded_Reassignment.pdf, (September 4, 2004); “Temporary Orders and Ranks”, JohnKerry.com, http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/jkmilservice/Temporary_Orders_and_Ranks.pdf, (September 4, 2004); Commander E.M. Salisbury to Lietutenant (junior grade) John Forbes Kerry, ”Release from Active Duty”, January 2, 1970, JohnKerry.com, http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/jkmilservice/Release_From_Active_Duty.pdf (September 4, 2004).

⁷Goldhaber.

⁸Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 339-342; James Burnett, “The Silent Partner”, www.bostonmagazine.com, http://www.bostonmagazine.com/ArticleDisplay.php?id=353, April 2004 (July 17, 2004); “Board of Directors: Jerome Grossman”, Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/about/board.html (September 24, 2004); Jerome Grossman, interview, conducted by Nancy Earsy, Lexington Oral History Projects, Inc., http://www.lexingtonbattlegreen1971.com/files/Grossman,%20Jerome.pdf, December 3, 1996, (July 17, 2004); Gerald M. Pomper and Miles A. Pomper, “Jewish Party Politicians”, Gerry Pomper’s Website, http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~gpomper/JewishPartyPoliticians.htm(July 17, 2004); Seth Gitell, “Is Grossman Our Next Governor?”, The Boston Phoenix, http://www.bostonphoenix.com/archive/features/00/03/16/TALKING_POLITICS.html, March 16-23, 2000 (July 17, 2004);“Drinan, Robert”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1995; Jack Thomas, “Rome Tells Drinan Not To Run Again”, The Boston Globe, May 5, 1980, 1.

⁹Nicosia, Home to War, 72.

¹⁰Grossman, interview; Arthur Johnson, interview, conducted by Norma McGavern-Norland, Lexington Oral History Projects, Inc., http://www.lexingtonbattlegreen1971.com/files/Johnson,%20Arthur.pdf, March 20, 1995, (July 17, 2004); Christopher Gregory, interview, conducted by Lenore Fenn, Lexington Oral History Projects, Inc., http://www.lexingtonbattlegreen1971.com/files/Gregory,%20Chris.pdf, March 14, 1995, (July 17, 2004); Bestor Cram, interview, conducted by Norma McGavern-Norland, Lexington Oral History Projects, Inc., http://www.lexingtonbattlegreen1971.com/files/Cram,%20Bestor.pdf, June 19, 1992, (July 17, 2004); Memo, Boston, Massachusetts FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Inc.”, March 31, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 02, 152-158 (September 15, 2004); Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 340-343; Nicosia, Home to War, 72.

¹¹Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 340-341; Michael Kranish and Patricia Healy, “Kerry spoke of meeting negotiators on Vietnam”, The Boston Globe, http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2004/03/25/kerry_spoke_of_meeting_negotiators_on_vietnam/, March 25, 2004 (September 4, 2004); Marc Morano, ”FBI Files Show Kerry Met With Communists More Than Once”, CNSNews.com, http://www.cnsnews.com//ViewSpecialReports.asp?Page=\SpecialReports\archive\200406\SPE20040604a.html, June 4, 2004 (June 18, 2004); John E. O’Neill and Jerome R. Corsi, Unfit for Command: Swift Boat Veterans Speak Out Against John Kerry, Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, Inc., 2004, 127-129.

¹²Nicosia, Home to War, 211-212.

¹³Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 406, 462.

¹⁴See “Kansas City Kerry—The Phoenix Project”, FreeRepublic.com, http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1104239/posts, March 24, 2004 (June 18, 2004); Thomas H. Lipscomb, “How Kerry Quit Veterans Group Amid Dark Plot: When Talk Turned To Assassination He Exited, Vet Says”, The New York Sun, Front page, March 12, 2004, online at http://daily.nysun.com/Repository/getFiles.asp?Style=OliveXLib:ArticleToMail&Type=text/html&Path=NYS/2004/03/12&ID=Ar00100 (June 18, 2004).

¹⁵Marc Morano, ”Kerry Lying About Anti-War Past, Supporter Alleges”, CNSNews.com, http://www.cnsnews.com//ViewPolitics.asp?Page=\Politics\archive\200403\POL20040318a.html, March 18, 2004 (June 18, 2004); Gerald Nicosia, “Veteran in Conflict: Sen. John Kerry's Struggle for Leadership of a Vietnam Veterans Antiwar Group in 1971 Ended With His Resignation at a Stormy Meeting in Kansas City, Where Militants Advocated Violence Against the U.S. Government”, Los Angeles Times, http://www.latimes.com/features/printedition/magazine/?track=mainnav-magazine, May 23, 2004, Section Los Angeles Times Magazine, LAT Magazine Desk, Part I, Page 10, archived at BeldarBlog, http://beldar.blogs.com/beldarblog/2004/09/Nicosia_article_LAT_5-24-04.pdf (October 1, 2004).

¹⁶Letterhead Memorandum, Kansas City, Missouri FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Steering Committee Meeting: Kansas City, Missouri: November 12, 13, 14, 1971”, November 18, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 11, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 11, 190-197 (September 4, 2004); Letterhead Memorandum, author deleted, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War Regional Coordinators and National Steering Committee Meeting, Weekend November 12-15, 1971, Kansas City, Missouri”, November 24, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 9, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 9, 148-157 (September 4, 2004). Cf. Teletype, author deleted to FBI Director and New York FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War Regional Coordinators and National Steering Committee Meeting Weekend November Fourteen, Nineteen Seventyone, Kansas City, Missouri”, November 16, 1971 and Teletype, author deleted to FBI Director, et al, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, November 18, 1971 and Teletype, author deleted to FBI Director, et al, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, November 19, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 9, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 9, 199-204, 208-210, 229-232 (September 4, 2004); Teletype, author deleted to FBI Director, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War Paren VVAW Paren”, November 19, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 10, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 10, 2-14 (September 4, 2004).

¹⁷Morano, ”Kerry Lying About Anti-War Past, Supporter Alleges”.

¹⁸Michael Kranish, ”Kerry can’t recall being at ’71 parley”, Boston.com, http://www.boston.com/news/politics/president/articles/2004/04/01/kerry_cant_recall_being_at_71_parley/, April 1, 2004 (June 18, 2004)

¹⁹See archive at “Documents, Film Clips, Audio and Cartoons: So when did John Kerry leave the VVAW, anyway?”, www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=Documents, (June 18, 2004); “Kerry, Watergate: DNC Links Caused Break-In? 'Republican Paranoia Started Early,' Says '72 Democratic Youth Director Bob Weiner”, U.S. Newswire, http://releases.usnewswire.com/GetRelease.asp?id=26038, February 9, 2004 (September 5, 2004); “War opponent Kerry seeks Congress seat”, The Boston Globe, April 4, 1972, Page 21, attached to FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 21, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 21, 19 (September 4, 2004); B.J. Widdick, “Woodcock: A Voice, Not an Echo”, The Nation, Volume 214, Issue 20, May 15, 1972, online at The Nation Digital Archive, http://www.nationarchive.com/Summaries/v214i0020_05.htm (September 20, 2004); O’Neill and Corsi, 130-135, 140-143, 158-161.

²⁰”John Kerry Watching Nixon on Television”, Corbis, http://pro.corbis.com/popup/Enlargement.aspx?mediauids={3c773ac0-b0fd-4be4-9175-ff228fd5544c}|{ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff}&qsPageNo=1&fdid=&Area=Search&TotalCount=60&CurrentPos=13&WinID={3c773ac0-b0fd-4be4-9175-ff228fd5544c} (June 18, 2004); “Photo Gallery: John F. Kerry: Candidate in the Making: Part 3: John Kerry watches President Richard Nixon announce the cease-fire in Vietnam on January 24, 1973.”, Boston.com, http://www.boston.com/globe/nation/packages/kerry/images/day3/05.htm (June 18, 2004).

²¹Gregory; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 438-440, 444; Michael Crowley, “The Kerry Tribes: The seven factions fighting for control of his campaign and his presidency.”, MSN.com, http://slate.msn.com/id/2098894/, April 15, 2004 (September 4, 2004); Jennifer Peter, “Loyal and angry, Mass. veterans group continue fight against Kerry’s foes”, The Boston Globe, http://www.boston.com/news/politics/primaries/massachusetts/articles/2004/08/27/loyal_and_angry_mass_veterans_group_continue_fight_against_kerrys_foes/, August 27, 2004 (September 4, 2004).

²²Nicosia, Home to War, 144-147, 411-412; “What’s New: VVA Restricted Political Activities”, Vietnam Veterans of America, http://www.vva.org/whatsnew/restricted.htm (September 4, 2004).

²³Brecher; Goldhaber; Nicosia, Home to War, 49; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 337; Komisar.

²⁴Gold; Komisar.

²⁵Burnett;Grossman, interview.

²⁶Nicosia, Home to War, 72.

²⁷See H. Stuart Hughes, Gentleman Rebel: The Memoirs of H. Stuart Hughes, New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1990, 85-86, 138-139, 186, 195-204, 264, 282; Todd Gitlin, The Sixties: Years of Hope: Days of Rage, New York: Bantam Books, 1987, 87-104, 182. Note esp. the Hughes family’s relationship to Felix Frankfurter and Benjamin Cardozo, whose clerks Frankfurter supplied (cf. Bruce Allen Murphy, The Brandeis/Frankfurter Connection: The Secret Political Activities of Two Supreme Court Justices, Oxford University Press, 1982; Garden City: Anchor Books, 1983, 186).

²⁸Hughes, 250.

²⁹”Riesman, David”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1955; Paul Buhle, ”David Riesman”, EducationGuardian.co.uk, http://education.guardian.co.uk/obituary/story/0,12212,750236,00.html, May 13, 2002 (August 15, 2004);Murphy, 21-22, 45, 122. Cf. Gitlin 88, 95. On Brandeis and Frankfurter’s Communist activity, see Part 1 of this series, “John Kerry’s Red Roots: Richard Kerry’s Curious Career”.

³⁰”Communist Infiltration in the Nuclear Test Ban Movement”, May 13, 1960, Box 244:6548 and “Testimony of Dr. Linus Pauling”, June and October 1960, Box 244:6549, in Series IV: Investigative Files, Subseries C: Senate Internal Security Subcommittee Reports, 1956-1970, Thomas J. Dodd Papers, Archives & Special Collections at the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries; US Senate, Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, Final Report, Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports of Intelligence Agencies and the Rights of Americans, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976, Book III, 17; Athan Theoharis and John Stuart Cox, The Boss: J. Edgar Hoover and the Great American Inquisition, Temple University, 1988; New York: Bantam Books, 1990, 447.

³¹Hughes, 250-260, 279-287; Gitlin, 97.

³²Grossman, interview.

³³”AFSC History”, American Friends Service Committee, http://www.afsc.org/about/history.htm (September 7, 2004); “American Friends Service Committee: Records, 1940-1947”, Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG001-025/dg002.AFSC/afsc.htm (September 6, 2004); FBI files, “American Friends Service Committee”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/committe.htm (September 5, 2004); Entry for “American Friends Service Committee (AFSC)” in ”Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive, Foreword by Congressman John Ashbrook, Afterword by Helmut Sauer, member of the West Germany Bundestag, Alexandria, Virginia: Western Goals, 1982, http://charlestonvoice.netfirms.com/PeaceGrpGloss.htm (August 16, 2004); “American Friends Service Committee (AFSC)”, Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/afsc.htm (September 5, 2004); Gordon Lamb, “American Friends? Hardly”, FrontPageMagazine.com, http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=8215, June 5, 2003 (August 16, 2004).

³⁴Grossman, interview.

³⁵Hughes, 254-255, 260; Grossman, interview.

³⁶”Citizens for Participation in Political Action: records, 1962-1992”, Healey Library at UMass Boston, http://www.lib.umb.edu/archives/cppa.html (August 16, 2004); Michael Kenney, “CPPAX Keeps Liberal Flames Burning: Glory Days May Be Behind Them, But There Are 5,000 Members To Celebrate 25th Anniversary”, The Boston Globe, April 26, 1987, 94.

³⁷Grossman, interview.

³⁸Grossman, interview.

³⁹Untitled article, The Tech, Volume 89, Number 29, July 23, 1969, reprinted online at http://kurzweil.mit.edu/archives/VOL_089/TECH_V089_S0287_P001.txt (June 18, 2004); Hunter Barns, “October 15, 1969: Moratorium”, from ”Objective Journalism? A Brief Look at The New York Times and the Vietnam Antiwar Movement”, Vietnam Antiwar Movement Page, http://home.sandiego.edu/~hbarns/Moratorium.html (September 4, 2004); Brecher; Michalina, “Student assesses effect of war moratorium”, Southwords, October 1970, reprinted online at Maine South High School, http://www.maine207south.k12.il.us/departments/235/70moratorium.htm (September 4, 2004); Jerome Grossman, “The Call for ‘Peace Now’”, The Boston Globe, October 15, 1989, A-31; Tom Wells, The War Within: America’s Battle Over Vietnam, with foreword by Todd Gitlin, Berkeley, California: University of California Press, 1994, 399; Nicosia, Home to War, 49; Laura Richards, “Vietnam Moratorium March”, National Coalition to Save Our Mall, http://www.savethemall.org/moments/richards.html , (September 4, 2004). For a summary of Brown’s background see ”Nomination of Sam W. Brown, Jr.”, Congressional Record—Senate, 103rd Congress—2nd Session (1994), S-6319, May 25, 1994, located online through Thomas: Legislative Information on the Internet, http://thomas.loc.gov (September 4, 2004); ”Brown Nomination/CSCE Ambassador, Cloture (1st attempt)”, Congressional Record—Senate, 103rd Congress—2nd Session (1994), S-6251 Temp. Record, Vote No. 131, May 24, 1994, 4:43 pm, located online through “Senate Record Vote Analysis”, U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee, http://web.archive.org/web/19970816005931/http://www.senate.gov/~rpc/rva/1032/1032131.htm (September 4, 2004); William T. Poole, The New Left in Government: From Protest to Policy-Making, Washington, DC: The Heritage Foundation, November 1978, executive summary cached online at http://groups.google.com/groups?q=William+Poole+new+left+government&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&selm=7ivnu6%24rpr%241%40bgtnsc01.worldnet.att.net&rnum=4 (September 4, 2004). On Hawk, see “Fellows: David Hawk”, The Petra Foundation, http://www.petrafoundation.org/fellows/ff_davidhawk.html (September 4, 2004). On Mixner, see Daniel Golden, “Mixner’s Moment”, The Boston Globe, June 6, 1993, Magazine section,14. On Sklencar, see “Student Mobe Plans Action”, The Tech, Volume 89, Number 53, September 26, 1969, 3, reprinted online at kurzweil.mit.edu/archives/ VOL_089/TECH_V089_S0311_P003.txt (June 18, 2004).

⁴⁰Grossman, “The Call for ‘Peace Now’”; Brecher; Michalina; Richards.

⁴¹Poole; Richards.

⁴²"National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam Records, 1966-1969", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG051-099/dg075nmc.htm (September 5, 2004); Gus Horowitz, “Movement history: Socialists and the anti-war movement”, The Militant, October 10, 1969, reprinted online at Links 24, http://www.dsp.org.au/links/back/issue24/Horowitz.htm, September-December 2003 (September 5, 2004); Appendix, “Student Mobilization Committee, also known as Student Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam; National Student Mobilization Committee”, attached to Letterhead Memorandum, Washington, DC FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW)”, April 5, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 2, 172-181 (September 4, 2004); House Committee on Internal Security, Subversive Involvement in the Origin, Leadership, and Activities of the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, and its Predecessor Organizations, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1970; Poole.

⁴³”Socialist Workers Party (USA)”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(USA) (September 5, 2004); “History of the Fourth International—The Heritage of Marxism”, translation of introduction to Leon Trotsky, In Defense of Marxism, 1994, reprinted online at Iskra Research Publishing House, http://www.mit.edu/people/fjk/essays/heritage.html (September 5, 2004); Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes, and Fririkh Igorevich Firsov, The Secret World of American Communism, Russian documents translated by Timothy D. Sergay, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995, 142-143; John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999; New Haven: Yale Nota Bene, 2000, 250-286; Department of Defense, “Certificate of Nonaffiliation with Certain Organizations”, DD Form 48-1, June 1959, reprinted online at http://charlestonvoice.netfirms.com/attygenlA.JPG and http://charlestonvoice.netfirms.com/attygenlB.JPG (September 5, 2004); Paul Wolf, “COINTELPRO—Socialist Workers Party (1961-1970), www.cointel.org, http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/cointelpro/swp.htm (September 5, 2004); Athan Theoharis and John Stuart Cox, The Boss: J. Edgar Hoover and the Great American Inquisition, Temple University, 1988; New York: Bantam Books, 1990, 346-347, 361.

⁴⁴Appendix, “Student Mobilization Committee”.

⁴⁵House Committee on Internal Security, Subversive Involvement in the Origin, Leadership, and Activities of the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, and its Predecessor Organizations; Poole; S. Steven Powell, Covert Cadre: Inside the Institute for Policy Studies, introduction by David Horowitz, Ottawa, Illinois: Green Hill Publishers, Inc., 1987, 36-37, 39-40. On the World Peace Council, see “WPC Brief History”, World Peace Council, http://www.wpc-in.org/website.htm#_Toc511224159 (September 16, 2004); “The New Nuke Hysteria”, AIM Report, May A 1982, online at Accuracy In Media, http://www.aim.org/publications/aim_report/1982/05a.html (September 16, 2004); Entry for “World Peace Council (WPC)” in ”Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive; “FAS Intelligence Resource Program: Active Measures”, American Federation of Scientists, http://www.fas.org/irp/world/russia/kgb/su0523.htm (September 16, 2004); “Ronald Dellums: Congressman: 9th California District”, Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/dellums.htm (September 5, 2004); Rob Prince, “The Ghost Ship of Lonnrotinkatu: The Catabolism of the World Peace Council—Part 1”, Peace Magazine, May-June 1992, 16, online at http://www.peacemagazine.org/archive/v08n3p16.htm (September 16, 2004); Rob Prince, “Following the Money Trail at the World Peace Council: Part II of Rob Prince's behind-the-scenes look at the World Peace Council's dealings in the aftermath of the Soviet Union's dissolution”, Peace Magazine, November-December 1992, 20, online at http://www.peacemagazine.org/archive/v08n6p20.htm (September 16, 2004); “Looking to the Future”, in United States Information Agency, Soviet Active Measures in the “Post-Cold War" Era, 1988-1991: A Report Prepared at the Request of the United States House of Representatives Committee on Appropriations, June 1992, online at The Literature of Intelligence: A Bibliography of Materials, with Essays, Reviews, and Comments, http://intellit.muskingum.edu/russia_folder/pcw_era/sect_13d.htm (September 16, 2004).

⁴⁶Appendix, “Student Mobilization Committee”; Poole; Nicosia, Home to War, 48-49; Richards.

⁴⁷Judith Mahoney Paternak, “Women Against War: It Started with ‘Lysistrata’”, The Nonviolent Activist: The Magazine of the War Resisters League, http://www.warresisters.org/nva0703-4.htm, July-August 2003 (September 5, 2004); Wells, The War Within: America’s Battle Over Vietnam, photo between 286 and 287; Roy Lisker, “The Antiwar Movement in New York City 1965-67”, Ferment Magazine, http://www.fermentmagazine.org/Bio/newleft1.html, (September 6, 2004), update of article originally published in Les Tempes Modernes, September 1968; House Committee on Internal Security, Subversive Involvement in the Origin, Leadership, and Activities of the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, and its Predecessor Organizations; Poole. On the War Resisters League, see “War Resisters’ International”, War Resisters International, < a href=”http://www.wri-irg.org/wrihist.htm”>http://www.wri-irg.org/wrihist.htm (September 7, 2004); “About WRL: History”, War Resisters League, http://www.warresisters.org/about_wrl.htm#hist (September 7, 2004); "War Resisters League: Records, 1923-date", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG026-050/DG040WRL.html (September 5, 2004); Sanderson Beck, “Women for Peace”, Literary Works of Sanderson Beck, http://www.san.beck.org/GPJ28-WomenforPeace.html (September 5, 2004); "Jessie Wallace Hugham", Woman a Week Archives, http://www.awomanaweek.com/hughan.html (September 5, 2004); "Tracy D. Mygatt & Frances Witherspoon Papers, 1835, 1850, 1909-1973", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG051-099/DG089MygWith.html (September 5, 2004); "A.J. Muste: Papers,1920-1967", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG026-050/dg050muste.htm (September 7, 2004); “Protests of A.J. Muste”, Literary Works of Sanderson Beck, http://www.san.beck.org/WP25-Muste.html (September 7, 2004); FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation) Records: War Resisters League, 1939-1962, online guide at Marquette University, http://www.marquette.edu/library/collections/archives/Mss/FBI/mss-fbi-s-9.html; Entry for “War Resisters League (WRL)” in ”Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive; “Abraham Johannes Muste”, Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/muste.htm (September 5, 2004). On the Fellowship of Reconciliation, see “History and Supporters”, Fellowship of Reconciliation, http://www.forusa.org/about/history.html (September 4, 2004); "Fellowship of Reconciliation [Great Britain]: Records, 1915-current", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/CDGB/forgreatbritain.htm (September 5, 2004); "Fellowship of Reconciliation: Records, 1915-date", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG001-025/DG013/dg13fortablofcont.htm (September 5, 2004); "A.J. Muste: Papers,1920-1967"; “A.J. Muste: Biographical Background”, A.J. Muste Memorial Institute, http://www.ajmuste.org/ajmbio.htm (September 7, 2004); Steve Lieberman “FOR Obtains Its FBI Files”,The Journal News, http://www.thejournalnews.com/newsroom/083004/b01p30forfbi.html, August 30, 2004, cached at http://64.233.179.104/search?q=cache:ZScN0Y0tED4J:www.thejournalnews.com/newsroom/083004/b01p30forfbi.html+FOR+obtains+its+FBI+files&hl=en (September 18, 2004); “Fellowship of Reconciliation”, Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/for.htm (September 5, 2004); “Abraham Johannes Muste”; Entry for “Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)” in “Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive. On the Committee for Nonviolent Action, see "Committee for Nonviolent Action Records, 1957-, (Bulk 1957-1968)", Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG001-025/DG017CNVA.html (September 7, 2004); Allen Smith, “The Renewal Movement: The Peace Testimony and Modern Quakerism”, Quaker History Volume 85, Number 2, Fall 1996, online at The Religious Society of Friends, http://www.quaker.org/renewal.html (September 7, 2004); "A.J. Muste: Papers,1920-1967"; A.J. Muste: Biographical Background”; “Protests of A.J. Muste”. On the Catholic Peace Fellowship, see “Introduction: History”, Catholic Peace Fellowship, http://www.catholicpeacefellowship.org/ (September 7, 2004).

⁴⁸Brecher.

⁴⁹Goldhaber; Nicosia, Home to War, 49; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 337; Gold; Komisar.

⁵⁰Cf. “Thrice Wounded”, March 1969, JohnKerry.com, http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/jkmilservice/Thrice_Wounded_Reassignment.pdf, (September 4, 2004); “Temporary Orders and Ranks”, JohnKerry.com, http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/jkmilservice/Temporary_Orders_and_Ranks.pdf, (September 4, 2004); Commander E.M. Salisbury to Lietutenant (junior grade) John Forbes Kerry, ”Release from Active Duty”, January 2, 1970, JohnKerry.com, http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/jkmilservice/Release_From_Active_Duty.pdf (September 4, 2004); Goldhaber.

⁵¹Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 339-342; Burnett; Grossman, interview; Pomper and Pomper; Gitell;“Drinan, Robert”, Current Biography; Nicosia, Home to War, 72; ”Nomination of Sam W. Brown, Jr.”, Congressional Record—Senate, 103rd Congress—2nd Session (1994), S-6313-S-6321, May 25, 1994, located online through Thomas: Legislative Information on the Internet, http://thomas.loc.gov (September 4, 2004). On Grossman’s ongoing relationship with Kerry, see “Campaign ‘82”, The Boston Globe, July 27, 1982, 1; Michael Kranish with Alex Beam, “Kerry War Letters Show His Conflicts”, The Boston Globe, July 25, 2004, A1, online at http://www.boston.com/news/politics/president/kerry/articles/2004/07/25/kerry_war_letters_show_his_conflicts/ (September 21, 2004).

⁵²For general biographical details on Drinan, see “Drinan, Robert”, Current Biography; “Drinan, Robert Frederick, 1920-“, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000499 (September 15, 2004); “Board of Directors: Robert F. Drinan”, Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, http://www.armscontrolcenter.org/about/board.html (September 24, 2004).

⁵³John Kerry testimony in United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Legislative Proposals Relating to the War in Southeast Asia, Thursday, April 22, 1971: Hearings before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Ninety-Second Congress, First Session (April-May 1971), Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1971, 179-210 online in html format at http://www.c-span.org/2004vote/jkerrytestimony.asp (August 29, 2004) and in pdf format at http://www.cwes01.com/13790/23910/ktpp179-210.pdf (August 29, 2004).

⁵⁴“Kerry, John Forbes”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1988.

⁵⁵Nicosia, Home to War, 95, 175, 198. On Lifton and Post-Vietnam Syndrome, cf. Robert Jay Lifton, Home from the War: Learning from Vietnam Veterans: With a new Preface and Epilogue on the Gulf War, Boston: Beacon Press, 1992 (1973, 1985); Nicosia, Home to War, 158-209.

⁵⁶“Kerry, Watergate: DNC Links Caused Break-In? 'Republican Paranoia Started Early,' Says '72 Democratic Youth Director Bob Weiner”.

⁵⁷Stephanie Hauser, “Remembering Watergate: BC alumnus and former law school dean started Nixon accusations in Senate 30 years ago“, The Heights, http://www.bcheights.com/news/2003/04/29/Features/Remembering.Watergate-427779.shtml, April 29, 2003 (September 5, 2004); Jerome Zeifman, “Impeachment and ‘Father Bob’”, Insight on the News, http://www.insightmag.com/news/1999/01/11/Commentary/Impeachment.And.father.Bob-211463.shtml, January 11, 1999 (September 5, 2004); Todd Kosmerick, “The Impeachment of Richard Nixon from the Eyes of Speaker Carl Albert”, The Carl Albert Congressional Research & Studies Center, http://www.ou.edu/special/albertctr/extensions/fall98/archives.html (September 4, 2004).

⁵⁸Julia Duin, “Kerry advisors tell hopeful to ‘keep cool’ on religion”, The Washington Times, http://www.washingtontimes.com/national/20040618-121914-6103r.htm, June 18, 2004 (June 18, 2004).

⁵⁹“Drinan, Robert”, Current Biography.

⁶⁰On Berrigan see “Berrigan, Daniel”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1970; Murray Polner and Jim O'Grady, Disarmed and Dangerous: The Radical Lives and Times of Daniel and Philip Berrigan, New York: Basic Books, 1997; “Introduction: History”, Catholic Peace Fellowship; FBI files, “Clergy and Laity Concerned About Vietnam”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/clviet.htm (September 5, 2004).

⁶¹Entry for ”Lawyers Committee on Nuclear Policy (LCNP)” in “Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive.

⁶²Report on the National Lawyers Guild: Legal Bulwark of the Communist Party, United States Congress House Report 3123, Washington: Committee on Un-American Activities, 1950; Entry for ”Lawyers Committee on Nuclear Policy (LCNP)” in “Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive; “National Lawyers Guild [NLG]: ‘Legal Bulwark of the Communist Party’”, Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/nlg.htm (September 5, 2004); “National Lawyers Guild & its Terrorist Network”, Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/nlgterr.htm (September 5, 2004); Jesse Rigsby, “NLG: The Legal Fifth Column”, FrontPageMagazine.com, April 25, 2003, http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=7494, (June 18, 2004).

⁶³Robert F. Drinan, “When Will the American Conscience Demand Justice for Vietnam?”, modelminority, http://modelminority.com/article703.html, March 17, 2000 (June 18, 2004).

⁶⁴On the Fellowship of Reconciliation, see Note 47.

⁶⁵Entry for “Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)” in “Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive.

⁶⁶Sandy Cohen, untitled article, The Tech, Volume 90, Number 14, March 27, 1970, reprinted online at http://kurzweil.mit.edu/archives/VOL_090/TECH_V090_S0120_P001.txt (June 18, 2004).

⁶⁷House Committee on Internal Security, Subversive Involvement in the Origin, Leadership, and Activities of the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, and its Predecessor Organizations.

⁶⁸“Drinan, Robert”, Current Biography.

⁶⁹“Ramsey Clark: Biodata”, International Progress Organization, http://i-p-o.org/Clark.htm (October 3, 2004); Josh Saunders, ”Ramsey Clark’s Prosecution Complex”, Legal Affairs, http://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/November-December-2003/feature_saunders_novdec03.html, November-December 2003 (September 16, 2004); Nicosia, Home to War, 106; Theoharis and Cox, 480-483; Search and Destroy: A Report by the Commission of Inquiry into the Black Panthers and the Police, edited by Roy Wilkins and Ramsey Clark, Chairmen, New York: Metropolitan Applied Research Centre, Inc., 1973; “Fred Hampton”, Spartacus Educational, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAhamptonF.htm (September 16, 2004); Cliff Kincaid, “Ramsey Clark Endorses John Kerry”, Accuracy In Media, http://www.aim.org/publications/weekly_column/2004/03/01.html, March 1, 2004 (September 16, 2004). On the National Peace Action Coalition, see “National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam”, Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/DG051-099/dg075nmc.htm (September 16, 2004); House Committee on Internal Security, Subversive Involvement in the Origin, Leadership, and Activities of the New Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, and its Predecessor Organizations; “Appendix: Student Mobilization Committee”. On the Committee for Public Justice, see “Harrisburg [PA] Defense Committee: Records, 1970-1973”, Swarthmore College Peace Collection, http://www.swarthmore.edu/Library/peace/CDGA.A-L/harrisburgdefensecomm.htm (September 16, 2004); Roger W. Wilkins, “Committee for Public Justice”, The New York Review of Books, Volume 16, Number 1, January 28, 1971, reprinted online at http://www.nybooks.com/articles/10692 (September 16, 2004); FBI files, “Committee for Public Justice”, finding aid at Marquette University Libraries: Department of Special Collections and University Archives: FBI Investigation and Surveillance Records: Scope and Content Note: Series 19: Committee for Public Justice, 1971-1972, 1977, http://www.marquette.edu/library/collections/archives/Mss/FBI/mss-FBI-sc.html (September 16, 2004); W. Raymond Wannall, “Undermining Counterintelligence Capability”, CI Centre, http://www.cicentre.com/Documents/DOC_Wannall_Undermining_Intel.htm (September 16, 2004).

⁷⁰Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 339.

⁷¹Grossman, interview; Johnson, interview; Gregory, interview; Cram, interview; Nicosia, Home to War, 72; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 340-343.

⁷²Grossman, interview; Johnson, interview; Gregory, interview; Cram, interview; Nicosia, Home to War, 72.

⁷³Nicosia, Home to War, 72-73. For more on Operation RAW, see FBI files, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 65-172 (September 4, 2004); “Documents, Film Clips, Audio and Cartoons”, www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=Documents, (June 18, 2004); Richard Stacewicz, Winter Soldiers: An Oral History of the Vietnam Veterans Against the War, New York: Twayne Publishers, 1997, 229-231; Nicosia, Home to War, 56-73; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 343-345.

⁷⁴On the Winter Soldier Investigation, see Vietnam Veterans Against the War, The Winter Soldier Investigation: An Inquiry into American War Crimes, Boston: Beacon Press, 1972; “Winter Soldier Investigation”, The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Winter_Soldier/WS_entry.html (September 6, 2004); William F. Crandell, “What Did American Learn from the Winter Soldier Investigation?”, Viet Nam Generation 5:1-4, March 1994, reprinted online at The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Texts/Narrative/Crandell_Winter.html (September 6, 2004); FBI files, FBI HQ 100-448092, Sections 1 and 2, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 173-176, 196-198, 224 and Section 2, 2-69 (September 4, 2004); Stacewicz, 233-241; Nicosia, Home to War, 73-97; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 346-357.

⁷⁵Nicosia, Home to War, 98-99.

⁷⁶For details on Dewey Canyon III and Kerry’s Senate testimony see John Kerry testimony in United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Legislative Proposals Relating to the War in Southeast Asia, Thursday, April 22, 1971: Hearings before the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, Ninety-Second Congress, First Session (April-May 1971) (audio and video clips online at www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=Documents (September 6, 2004)); John Kerry and Vietnam Veterans Against the War, The New Soldier, edited by David Thorne and George Butler, New York: Macmillan, 1971 (text online at Gorio’s World, http://fp3.antelecom.net/gorio/ns/New%20Soldier%20Compleat.pdf (pdf file) (September 6, 2004); partial text with pictures at “The New Soldier: John Kerry and the VVAW”, wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=NewSoldier (September 6, 2004)); FBI files, FBI HQ 100-448092, Sections 2, and 4, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf files HQ 100-448092 Sections 2 and 4 (September 4, 2004); Stacewicz, 241-251; Nicosia, Home to War, 98-157; Brinkley, Tour of Duty, 357-377.

⁷⁷Letterhead Memorandum, Kansas City, Missouri FBI office, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) Steering Committee Meeting: Kansas City, Missouri: November 12, 13, 14, 1971”.

⁷⁸ See archive at “Documents, Film Clips, Audio and Cartoons: So when did John Kerry leave the VVAW, anyway?”, www.wintersoldier.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=Documents, (June 18, 2004); “Kerry, Watergate: DNC Links Caused Break-In? 'Republican Paranoia Started Early,' Says '72 Democratic Youth Director Bob Weiner”; O’Neill and Corsi, 130-135, 140-143, 158-161; ”John Kerry Watching Nixon on Television”, Corbis, http://pro.corbis.com/popup/Enlargement.aspx?mediauids={3c773ac0-b0fd-4be4-9175-ff228fd5544c}|{ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff}&qsPageNo=1&fdid=&Area=Search&TotalCount=60&CurrentPos=13&WinID={3c773ac0-b0fd-4be4-9175-ff228fd5544c} (June 18, 2004); “Photo Gallery: John F. Kerry: Candidate in the Making: Part 3: John Kerry watches President Richard Nixon announce the cease-fire in Vietnam on January 24, 1973.”, Boston.com, http://www.boston.com/globe/nation/packages/kerry/images/day3/05.htm (June 18, 2004).

⁷⁹FBI files, FBI HQ 100-448092, Sections 11-31, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Sections 10-31 (September 4, 2004); Stacewicz, 252-387; Nicosia, Home to War, 210-282.

⁸⁰See Note 47.

⁸¹"Guide to the American Veterans for Peace Records, 1945-1957 (Bulk 1951-1955)", The Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, http://dlib.nyu.edu:8083/tamwagead/servlet/SaxonServlet?source=avp.xml&style=saxon01t2002.xsl (September 6, 2004); "Vet's Voice for Peace" collection in "UAW Veterans’ Department Collection", Walter P. Reuther Library of Labor and Urban Affairs, http://www.reuther.wayne.edu/collections/hefa_293-uaw.htm (September 6, 2004); "Paul Green: Dramatist, Teacher, Humanist, 1894-1981", ibiblio, http://www.ibiblio.org/paulgreen/index.html (September 6, 2004); "Paul Green Papers Inventory (#3693)", Manuscripts Department, Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/inv/htm/03693.html (September 6, 2004); Paul P. Reuben, "Chapter 8: American Drama—Paul Eliot Green (1894-1981)", PAL: Perspectives in American Literature A Research and Reference Guide--An Ongoing Project , http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:bQ_44_YtJS8J:www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap8/green.html+paul+green&hl=en (September 6, 2004).

⁸²Stacewicz, 192-197; Nicosia, Home to War, 15-18.

⁸³Stacewicz, 197-204, 233; Nicosia, Home to War, 18-36, 37-38; FBI files, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 1-60 (September 4, 2004). On Negotiation Now! see Wells, The War Within: America’s Battle Over Vietnam, 135-137; “Vietnam War”, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Papers Project: Encyclopedia, http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/about_king/encyclopedia/vietnam.htm (September 9, 2004). On CALCAV/CALC, see FBI files, “Clergy and Laity Concerned About Vietnam”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/clviet.htm (September 9, 2004); entry for “Clergy and Laity Concerned (CALC)”, in “Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive. On Ball, see George W. Ball, The Past Has Another Pattern: Memoirs, New York: Norton, 1982; David L. DiLeo, George Ball, Vietnam, and the Rethinking of Containment, foreword by Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 1991; James A. Bill, George Ball: Behind the Scenes in U.S. Foreign Policy, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1997; H.R. McMaster, Dereliction of Duty: Lyndon Johnson, Robert McNamara, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the Lies That Led to Vietnam, New York: HarperCollins, 1997, 122, 166-167, 171, 206, 239-240, 280, 300-303; Isaacson and Thomas, 637-639, 647-649, 680, 700, 711. On Lowenstein, see “Lowenstein, Allard Kenneth, 1929-1980”, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000477 (September 9, 2004);“Lowenstein, Allard K.”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1971. On Gruening, see “Gruening, Ernest, 1887-1974”, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000508 (September 9, 2004). On Fulbright, see “Fulbright, J. William”, Current Biography, Bronx, New York: The H. W. Wilson Company, 1955; “Fulbright, James William, 1905-1955”, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000401 (September 9, 2004); J. William Fulbright, The Arrogance of Power, New York: Random House, 1966; Randall Bennett Woods, Fulbright: A Biography, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995; Theoharis and Cox, 447-448; Powell, 13; Stacewicz, 204, 233. On McCarthy, see “McCarthy, Eugene Joseph, 1916-”, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000311 (September 9, 2004); Dominic Sandbrook, Eugene McCarthy: The Rise and Fall of Postwar American Liberalism, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004, 117-224. On Kennedy, see “Kennedy, Robert Francis, 1925-1968”, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000114 (September 9, 2004).

⁸⁴FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1, 1-60; Report, FBI, “Vietnam Veterans Against the War, Incorporated”, October 12, 1971, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 7, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 7, 82-117 (esp. 96-97) (September 4, 2004). On the National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, see Corliss Lamont, Yes to Life: Memoirs of Corliss Lamont, New York: Horizon Press, 1981; Corliss Lamont Website, http://www.corliss-lamont.org/The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive.

⁸⁵Stacewicz, 205; Nicosia, Home to War, 36, 41, 45, 49-50; Letterhead Memorandum, FBI, “GIs and Vietnam Veterans Against the War: Information Concerning”, November 11, 1968, FBI HQ 100-451697, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-451697 Section 01, 3-8 (September 15, 2004); Report, Los Angeles FBI, “COMINFIL, GIs and Vietnam Veterans Against the War, formerly known as Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, February 18, 1969, FBI HQ 100-451697, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-451697 Section 01, 38-39 (September 15, 2004).

⁸⁶Nicosia, Home to War, 41-49.

⁸⁷On Schnall, see excerpt from Howard Zinn, “The Impossible Victory: Vietnam”, A People’s History of the United States, New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1980, reprinted online at Third World Traveler, http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Zinn/Vietnam_PeoplesHx.html (September 9, 2004).

⁸⁸On the Presidio 27 Mutiny, see Randy Rowland, “The Presidio Mutiny”, Vietnam Veterans Against the War Anti-Imperialist, from StormWarning! 31, Spring 1995, online at http://www.oz.net/~vvawai/sw/sw31/pgs_35-44/presidio_mutiny.html (September 9, 2004); Brandt Zembsch, “Hallinan Has Made a Career of Law and Disorder”, ChronWatch, March 4, 2003 (September 9, 2004). On Terence Hallinan and the Hallinan family, cf. “Terence Hallinan”, Juvenile Justice Bulletin, May 2000, online at Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, http://www.ncjrs.org/html/ojjdp/2000_5_1/pag5.html (September 9, 2004); California Legislature, Thirteenth Report of the Senate Fact-Finding Subcommittee on Un-American Activities, 1965, online at Online Archive of California, http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt4w1003q8/ (September 9, 2004)/

⁸⁹On Priest, see letter from Cora Weiss, David Dellinger, Douglas Dowd, Sidney Lens, Sidney Peck, and Stewart Meacham to the editors, “New Mobilization”, The New York Review of Books, Volume 13, Number 8, November 6, 1969 (September 9, 2004); Malcolm Kovacs, “Seaman Roger Priest vs. the Navy”, Progressive Review, April 1970, 8; Col Robert D. Heinl, Jr., “The Collapse of the Armed Forces”, Armed Forces Journal, June 7, 1971, updated version online at Grover Furr’s Vietnam War Page, http://www.chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/Vietnam/heinl.html (September 9, 2004); Nicosia, Home to War, 42-43, 48. On the Stern Family Fund, see “Stern Family Fund”, ActivistCash.com, http://www.activistcash.com/foundation.cfm/did/486 (September 9, 2004); Vincent Stehle, “Considering the Question of Perpetuity”, excerpt from Investment Issues for Family Funds: Managing and Maximizing Your Philanthropic Dollars, Chapter 1, reprinted online at National Center for Family Philanthropy, http://www.ncfp.org/publications-excerpt-investments.html (September 9, 2004); Don Hazen, “David Hunter, Philanthropic Pioneer, Dies at 84”, AlterNet, http://www.alternet.org/story/10142/, November 28, 2000; Powell, 15-17, 29, 152, 230, 231, 236, 237, 241-242, 368. On the Institute for Policy Studies, see The Institute for Policy Studies, http://www.ips-dc.org/overview.htm (September 9, 2004); Powell; Entry for ”Institute for Policy Studies (IPS)” in “Glossary”, The War Called Peace: The Soviet Peace Offensive; Entries for “Institute for Policy Studies: Marxist Think Tank” and “The IPS Fellows” at Biographical Sketches of the Left, http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Senate/1777/bioleft.htm (September 9, 2004).

⁹⁰On O’Dwyer, see ”In Honor of Paul O’Dwyer”, Congressional Record—Senate, 105th Congress—2nd Session (1998), S-7608, July 7, 1998, located online through Thomas: Legislative Information on the Internet, http://thomas.loc.gov (September 9, 2004); Letter from Cora Weiss, David Dellinger, Donald Kalish, Douglas Dowd, Sidney Lens, Sidney Peck, Stewart Meacham, and Terry Hallinan to the editors, “November Mobilization”, The New York Review of Books, Volume 13, Number 9, November 20, 1969, reprinted online at http://www.nybooks.com/articles/11139 (September 9, 2004); John Herbers, “250,000 War Protestors Stage Peaceful Rally in Washington; Militants Stir Clashes Later”, The New York Times, November 25, 1969, reprinted online at CINEMOD: Experimental Films of Dominic Angerame, http://www.cinemod.net/docs/60sarticle.html (September 9, 2004).

⁹¹Stacewicz, 205-211; Nicosia, Home to War, 43-49.

⁹²See Note 45.

⁹³Nicosia, Home to War, 49.

⁹⁴Stacewicz, 205-212; Nicosia, Home to War, 49-55.

⁹⁵Nicosia, Home to War, 51, 128; Marc Morano, “Kerry-linked Anti-War Group Can’t Bury Deceit”, CNSNews.com, http://www.cnsnews.com/Politics/Archive/200403/POL20040303a.html, March 3, 2004 (September 9, 2004).

⁹⁶Nicosia, Home to War, 50-55, 59-60.

⁹⁷”Black Panther Party”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Panther_Party (September 15, 2004); ”Black Panthers”, Spartacus Educational, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USApantherB.htm (September 15, 2004); Huey P. Newton, The Huey P. Newton Reader, with foreword by Fredrika Newton and introduction by David Hilliard, edited by David Hilliard and Donald Weise, New York: Seven Stories Press, 2002; Bobby Seale, A Lonely Rage: The Autobiography of Bobby Seale, New York: Times Books, 1978; Eldridge Cleaver, Soul on Ice, with introduction by Maxwell Geismar, New York: Dell, 1968; Philip S. Foner, The Black Panthers Speak, with new foreword by Clayborne Carson, New York: Da Capo Press, 1995 (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1970); Huey P. Newton, et al, The Black Panther Leaders Speak: Huey P. Newton, Bobby Seale, Eldridge Cleaver and Company Speak Out through the Black Panther Party’s Official Newspaper, Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press, 1976; ”Black Panther Newspaper Collection: Maoist International Movement”, Maoist International Movement (MIM), http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/bpp/index.html (September 9, 2004); “Interview with Huey P. Newton (1968)”, The Movement, August 1968, reprinted online at Hippyland, http://www.hippy.com/php/article.php?sid=76 (September 14, 2004); “History of the Black Panther Party”, The Black Panther Party Research Project, http://www.stanford.edu/group/blackpanthers/history.shtml (September 17, 2004); FBI files, “Black Panther Party”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/bpanther.htm (September 9, 2004); Powell, 29-30; John Elvin, “Hillary Hides Her Panther Fling”, Insight on the News, http://www.insightmag.com/news/2000/07/31/InvestigativeReport/Hillary.Hides.Her.Panther.Fling-210660.shtml (September 18, 2004).

⁹⁸”Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee”, Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee (September 15, 2004); ”Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee”, Spartacus Educational, http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAsncc.htm (September 15, 2004); Jonathan I.Z. Agronsky, Marion Barry: The Politics of Race, Latham, New York: British American Publishing, 1991; Julian Bond, “SNCC: What We Did—Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee”, Monthly Review, October 2000, online at LookSmart, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_5_52/ai_66937932 (September 15, 2004); John Lewis with Michael D’Orso, Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998; Howard Zinn, SNCC: The New Abolitionists, Boston: Beacon Press, 1965; John Lewis, “My Biography”, Congressman John Lewis: Georgia’s 5th Congressional District, http://www.house.gov/johnlewis/bio.html (September 15, 2004); SNCC 1960-1966: Six years of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, http://www.ibiblio.org/sncc/ (September 15, 2004); Stokely Carmichael, Ready for Revolution: The Life and Struggles of Stokely Carmichael (Kwame Ture), with Ekwueme Michael Thelwell, New York: Scribner, 2003; “Kwame Ture: His Last Words! Organize! Organize!”, Kwame Ture (formerly known as Stokely Carmichael, http://www.kwameture.com/ (September 15, 2004); Elizabeth Martinez, “The Venceremos Brigade Still Means, ‘We Shall Overcome’: After 30 years of constant activism, the Venceremos Brigade continues to be a unique pillar of the U.S. left”, Z Magazine, http://www.zmag.org/zmag/articles/Martinez2.htm (September 15, 2004); “Sixties Project: Primary Document Archive: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)”, The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary.html (September 15, 2004); Robin D.G. Kelley, Hammer and Hoe: Alabama Communists during the Great Depression, Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1990, 229-230; FBI files, “Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/sncc.htm (September 9, 2004); Powell, 29-30.

⁹⁹Gitlin, 280-281, 348-352, 377-408; “Sixties Project: Primary Document Archive: Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)”, The Sixties Project, http://lists.village.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary.html (September 15, 2004); ”SDS”, Maoist International Movement (MIM), http://www.etext.org/Politics/MIM/sds/index.html (September 9, 2004); Alan Adelson, SDS, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1972; “Who we are and what we do”, Venceremos Brigade, http://www.venceremosbrigade.org/aboutVB.htm (September 15, 2004); Martinez; FBI files, “Weather Underground Organization (WUO)”, online at Federal Bureau of Investigation—Freedom of Information Privacy Act, http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/weather.htm (September 9, 2004); “National Lawyers Guild & its Terrorist Network”; Juan F. Benemelis, Las guerras secretas de Fidel Castro, Grupo de Apoyo a la Democracia, Capitulo 12, “Los Macheteros de Puerto Rico”, online at Grupo de Apoyo a la Democracia, http://www.gadcuba.org/Guerras%20Secretas/Index.htm, translation at http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.gadcuba.org/Guerras%2520Secretas/Los%2520Macheteros%2520de%2520Puero%2520Rico.htm&prev=/search%3Fq%3Djulie%2Bnichamin%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8 (September 15, 2004).

¹⁰⁰Stacewicz, 265-266; Nicosia, Home to War, 53-54; 67; 150-152; Memo from New York SAC to FBI Director, “Proposed Peace March from Morristown, New Jersey to Valley Forge, Pennsylvania, September 4-7, 1970, Sponsored by Vietnam Veterans Against the War”, August 20, 1970, 3, FBI HQ 100-448092, Section 1, online at www.wintersolider.com, http://ice.he.net/~freepnet/kerry/index.php?topic=VVAWFBI, pdf file HQ 100-448092 Section 1, 92 (September 4, 2004).