Bipolar solid state cells will have twice the energy density of NMC cells and nearly three times that of LiFePO4. Bipolar as in think Big Mac vs quarter pounder where you have the meat on both sides of bread. Bipolar solid state cells will have twice the meat(active materials) vs bread(current collectors). Solid state in its real form is fireproof ceramics don’t burn and lithium bonded in a ceramic crystalline structure also cannot burn.
130kWh would take a Model 3 sized car 722 miles in the city averaging 180 watt hours per mile I have seen as low as 130 over ten miles of city grid lock traffic. Solid state cells can also take 5C charging rates or more. At 5C a 130kWh pack is 650kw the Tesla V4 standard has 1000v and 900amp ratings. This is a 900V pack so 900V*900amp is 810kw from 20% to 80% is 78kWh at 810kw 5.77 minutes to put that in across the fast charge 20/80 window. 78kWh takes a Model 3 @180whmi 433 miles. This is a 5 min charge and 400+ miles of range. Virtually no one drives more than 400 miles in one sitting at a legal hwy avg speed of 65mpg that’s 6 1/2 hours in the seat straight. At a urban average speed of 35mph that’s 12+ hours in the seat. no under driver is going to not stop for at least 5 minutes in a 12 hour shift NO ONE.
Solid state is the future and it will end the ICE for all urban use especially in the Asian megacities India megacities as well. 700+ mile range is not needed for any urbanites drive pattern it’s just not but having the larger pack allows crazy fast charge rates for Uber type use.
Tesla will stop selling cars to the general population once they get approved for their robotaxi fleet. One automated taxi in the city can generate $100,000+ in yearly revenue there is no way they’ll sell a Model 3 for $37,000 when they can use them as robotaxis with a 5+ year lifespan. Solid state will have 3000+ cycle lifetimes at 700 miles per charge even at 150,000 miles per year in taxi use a typical yearly mile count for a taxi. Even a 1000 cycle life would give a 5 year taxi lifetime.
Great math skills. Now use them to see how that works with 290 million vehicles needing a charge on top of current energy consumption. How many acres need to be mined to produce batteries for these 290 million cars? How many charging stations will be needed since not everybody has a garage to park in?
Your solutions are typical of everything that comes out of academia. They are very narrow in scope with tightly controlled variables. With that in mind, you may want to question some of the dogma your profs fed you.
Even in the cherriest of scenarios, there is no way to get there by 2030. The cost is impossible.
EC
“Solid state is the future and it will end the ICE for all urban”
Then why does the government have to pass laws which require people to buy EVs? Why does the government have to give $7500 tax credits to people who buy EVs? They didn’t have to give tax credits to people to buy a Model T 100 years ago. Saying “its the future” is just saying bend over and grab your ankles, here comes the government.