Well, the simple fact is that if we’re serious about using electricity for things that have always relied on petrolium, the first step is building a LOT of nuclear plants. Duh.
Jeff Bezos funded a company that is making iron air batteries at the grid scale of 100hour’s of discharge time with 3 megawatts per acre of land in single stack configuration every 9 feet you stack is another three megawatts these are shipping container sized units in ISO containers themselves. Containers stack 6 high natively without any support structure like a parking deck or a steel building frame. The key factor is the LCOS that’s total cost of storage over the lifetime of the system they say they have the capex down to $20 kWh and a 20,000 cycle life bringing that to commercial scale will change the power equation dramatically. There is another group that is also using Iron technology they are a liquid redox storage with capacities only limited by how.large your iron chloride salt water tanks can be think gigawatt hours in a oil refinery sized ground level tank two side by side with months worth of energy stored in salt water as FE3+ ions in nontoxic Iron chloride solutions. That group for 12 hour power cycles says 2 cents per kWh LCOS that also changes the demand supply equation using no toxic or limited resources. Iron is one of the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust and chloride is available in unlimited amounts from the oceans.