I saw a show 3 or 4 years ago — Stossel, I think — and he got a Google printout of his day(s). Some of the time the phone was turned off. It went so far as to tell where he stopped and got out of the car (a taxi, I think) at museums or similar. IIRC, it was more than triangulation among towers.
For some reason Google in January emailed me a log of my 2019 travels - out of town trips, commutes, places visited.
Most modern phones don’t actually turn off, they just go into a very low power state. If you have an Android phone, it records where it’s been through GPS and sends it when you power back up.
https://www.google.com/maps/timeline?pb
The link is one of several waves to view your Google timeline history.
It can also be found via the google maps app.
You may have to log in to google.