Meth for sure. Queens was very multiracially safe and interesting two decades ago. I visited for a couple of days, enjoyed a nice Afghani restaurant, etc. Now, I truly doubt the safety part.
As for Oakland, it’s never been safe. My uncle, a WW2 vet, warned me when I was a tiny girl: “Never go to Oakland, you could get killed.”
Still excellent advice.
Crime rates in New York today are a fraction of what they were two decades ago.