The U.S. Navy, for example, makes both “equal opportunity” and “diversity” claims.
These are mutually exclusive terms and programs.
Sotomayor is quite possible the stupidest person to ever sit on the SCOTUS. However, she is not the laziest. That honor belongs to Thurgood Marshall who hardly ever did a lick of work and let his law clerks do everything.
Freedman-related issues aside, the only race-based issue that the states have amended the Constitution to grant Congress the specific power to protect is voting rights as evidenced by the 19th Amendment.
Otherwise, the states uniquely have the 10th Amendment-protected power to make policy for intrastate schools.
"His suit alleged that UC Davis’s two tiered admissions process, for whites and non-whites, violated his rights under both the fourteenth amendment and the civil rights act [emphasis added]."
Regarding the intentions of 14th Amendment (14A) lawmakers, not only did John Bingham, the main author of Section 1 of 14A, clarify in the congressional record that the amendment applied only protections enumerated to the Constitution by the states to the states, but the Supreme Court has also officially clarified the same thing.
“Mr. Speaker, this House may safely follow the example of the makers of the Constitution and the builders of the Republic, by passing laws for enforcing all the privileges and immunities of the United States as guaranteed by the amended Constitution and expressly enumerated in the Constitution [emphasis added].” — Congressional Globe, House of Representatives, 42nd Congress, 1st Session. (See lower half of third column.)
“3. The right of suffrage was not necessarily one of the privileges or immunities of citizenship before the adoption of the Fourteenth Amendment, and that amendment does not add to these privileges and immunities. It simply furnishes additional guaranty for the protection of such as the citizen already had [emphasis added].” —Minor v. Happersett, 1874.
Again, since the states have never amended the Constitution to enumerate so-called student rights, there are no constitutionally enumerated student rights to apply to the states via 14A.
A friend of mine is a Radcliffe grad (before their formal merger with Harvard) one of whose classmates is now at Harvard’s admissions office.That friend tells her that were it not for Harvard’s affirmative action admissions policy just about every class would consist almost entirely of Jews and Asians.I kid you not
I worked for years at a very famous and very highly regarded hospital.The medical staff,both the physicians in training and staff physicians,are claimed to be the best found anywhere.They were graduates of Harvard,Yale.Columbia,Hopkins...you name it.And I guarantee that you could tell the differences,subtle though they often were,between the minority folks and the others.
The USSC should have put an end to all of this racist, sexist nonsense in Bakke
Cowards each and other one of them.
The plain and simple rule is: If you won’t compete, you don’t belong.
Because quotas are the only way people with IQs of 85 get into college.