Let the end be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adapted to that end, which are not prohibited, but consist with the letter and spirit of the constitution, are constitutional,
Let the end be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adapted to that end, which are not prohibited, but consist with the letter and spirit of the constitution, are constitutional
And Justice John Marshall also stated in Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824
State inspection laws, health laws, and laws for regulating the internal commerce of a State, and those which respect turnpike roads, ferries, &c. are not within the power granted to Congress.
And Justice Barbour referenced the above case in New York v. Miln, 1837, and confirmed the State’s authority over the subject of health laws:
"Inspection laws, quarantine laws, health laws of every description, as well as laws for regulating the internal commerce of a state and those which respect turnpike roads, ferries, &c., are component parts of this mass."
And finally, almost 100 years later the Supreme Court again confirmed Congress is without power to regulate medical practices in the States!
“Direct control of medical practice in the states is obviously beyond the power of Congress.” ___ Linder v. United States, 1925
JWK
Health care by consent of the governed (Article 5) our amendment process --- tyranny by a majority vote in Congress or a Supreme Court's progressive majority vote