Juris Doctor is simply an educational designation. One who graduates from law school has a JD whether or not they pass the bar.
“One who graduates from law school has a JD whether or not they pass the bar.”
JD is one of the designations Law Schools may confer, the LL. B. is another(Legum Baccalaureus. The J.D. is not to be confused with Doctor of Laws or Legum Doctor (LLD or LL.D.).