If you drive “normally” - not especially fast, judiciously use the heaters (seat & steering warmer is usually enough) & A/C, etc you’ll get about the claimed range. If you insist on high speed & frequent aggressive acceleration, yeah you can deplete the battery faster. If you are careful, you can extend the range; I once squeezed 124 miles out of a “85 mile range” Leaf.
You’ll be warned well in advance of running low (multiple alerts, displaying estimated range left). When close enough to depleted, you’ll be forced into a “turtle” mode to maximize range and encourage you to plug in already. Absolute worst case, most manufacturers will send a flatbed to carry you to the nearest charger, for free.
You have to be pretty dumb to completely run out.
The car constantly shows you estimated range remaining. You learn to work with it.
And yes, you can completely run out of gasoline too. Easier to get a few gallons, but still a royal pain that few people actually encounter because they understand the warnings the car gives them well in advance.
After the first warning, continued driving through multiple warnings enters the battery depletion range which permanently damages the battery, which reduces maximum range capability thereafter?