I don’t think life expectancy and health risks have any bearing on whether someone is an athlete or not, I just don’t think there are objective measures. Someone who does nothing more than watching his diet and living everyday life may life a healthy life to the age of 99, but they can’t be called an athlete.
If an athlete must engage in a sport, then it boils down to what the definition of a sport is.
We can all agree that at one end of the spectrum (from a purely physical point of view) taking a nap in a comfortable hammock isn’t a sport. At the other end of the spectrum might be a marathon run. What lies in between?
I played hockey for a long time, and that seemed like a sport to me, even though as a goalie, I didn’t have to skate the same way everyone else did. I played basketball and that seemed like a sport, football as well. Wrestling, definitely.
Is skydiving a sport? How about scuba diving? Or mountain climbing? That is pretty specialized, and doing it can’t be healthy or lifespan extending, especially if you are climbing Everest.
I have good news for you on the hockey front, too: in terms of technique and skill, goaltenders are expected to be the best skaters on their teams these days!