It is true that Georg Luger did take that desin, and end up with the P-08, or, Luger pistol. Luger ALSO was the guy who developed the 9mm Parabellum round.
Now, as far as ‘everything’ coming down the tree from the Borshact pistol ... Colt had a 1903 pocket hammerless pistol, with a 9mm Browning (.380ACP) cartridge, and then John Moses Browning’s designs, the Colt 1911 and the finished by F.N. High Power Pistol, both of which are still very present today, unlike the P-08.
Browning invented the operating slide on automatic pistols.
It is a rare pistol now which does not have one. The Ruger .22 auto is the only one currently made that I can recall off hand.
The P-08 suffered from an elegant but weak action. The toggle bolt design simply couldn't stand up to the recoil from anything other than soft-loaded 9mm Parabellums.
It's still a beautiful pistol though. No match for the 1911A1 mechanically, but a fine piece of work.