"Physical activity is important in maintaining health. Long-distance and marathon running are relatively safe sports.1 Anecdotally, however, it is felt that Today's runners are tomorrow's cyclistsnot because of a natural progression from one sport to the other, but as a result of joint injury.
Is there a causal relationship between running and osteoarthritis? The current data are based on small studies, and their results are often unclear. People engaged in sports or other physically demanding activities are known to be at an increased risk of osteoarthritis in the joints they use most (eg, knees and hips in soccer players, hands in boxers, lower backs in construction workers). Part of this apparent correlation can be explained by increased risk of joint injury.2 It would also seem logical that these groups would be predisposed to osteoarthritis from overuse injuries and not necessarily from trauma.
Osteoarthritis is generally divided into primary osteoarthritis, related to age and genetics, and secondary osteoarthritis, which is associated with a history of any kind of joint injury (eg, trauma, infection, surgery, mineral deposition, autoimmune disorders). Joint trauma can be acute or chronic, and pain intensity can be severe or mild. The trauma may be ligamentous, meniscal, or muscular in origin. Because of nonpathogenic but highly repetitive loading, overuse injuries may be considered a mild, chronic joint trauma. Such use is thought, with time, to deplete the joint of the lubricating glycoproteins, disrupt the collagen network, slowly wear away the cartilage, and cause numerous microfractures in the underlying bones.3"