Science is the belief in the ignorance of the exports - Richard Feynman
Real Scientists don’t believe ANY argument can be settled unless you know the sum total of the knowledge in the universe. You can’t PROVE a negative.
However, one can say — “We are fairly certain, based on these assumptions, that the following is what/when/how something happened”.
Anything more, and you have left science and entered the realm of faith.
We're talking about scientific language & terms here.
So scientists do speak of "proving" mathematical theorems.
Perhaps, we could say, this acknowledges that math is a language of God, so if something makes sense mathematically, it makes sense to God, and that is "proof" enough for us mere mortals.
But everything else is "confirmed", not "proved" in science.
For example: a scientific "fact" is something you can observe and confirm repeat-ably.
Earth's round shape has been observed and confirmed from space, so it is now a "fact".
Consider: many years ago, that idea began, in effect, as a hypothesis, first proposed by a Greek mathematician who measured shadows in wells.
Centuries later, explorers confirmed the hypothesis, making it a theory, by sailing around it.
Now the theory is made fact by repeatable confirmed observations.
That's how scientists speak of such things.
Please consider: "long term evolution" is much more than mere scientific hypothesis.
Much of it is observed fact -- i.e., "descent with modifications" and "natural selection" can be seen and confirmed by everyone, everywhere, so those are facts.
But since their long-term operations over millions of years cannot be observed, that idea remains a "confirmed theory", based on an assumption known as "uniformitarianism", meaning, in short, "the present is key to the past".
What we see happening today can help explain what actually happened long ago.
Without such assumptions (especially including methodological naturalism), science makes no sense and can't be said to "work".
The problem, of course, is that what science speaks of as "hypothesis" or "confirmed theory" often gets upgraded in popular media into "fact" or "proved truth".
It ain't.