There is a large, ever-growing amount of evidence that contingency management is critical in the treatment of substance-abuse disorders.
Here is a link to a recent issues of the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, all about research on the treatment of drug abuse (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jaba.2008.41.issue-4/issuetoc)
Here is a link to a recent review article on contingency management (http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01581.x/full)
Positive reinforcement works. My experience with addicts is they’re self-medicating. The ones who find a way out make a firm choice to stop. They very often redirect that energy toward helping others, including animals. They become their own therapists and prescribe dedication to service. That works and works well.
Thanks.